Comparison of the Response of Soybean to Supplemental UV-B Radiation Supplied by Either Square-Wave or Modulated Irradiation Systems

Sullivan, Joseph; Teramura, Alan H.; Adamse, P.; Kramer, George F.; Upadhyaya, Abha; Britz, Steven J.; Krizek, Donald T.; Mirecki, Roman M.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-78884-0_26

Cited by 27 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Nevertheless, we are aware the conclusions about the effect of drought stress and its interaction with UV-B radiation exposure can be put in perspective of a greenhouse situation only, as the limitations of our controlled environmental studies are recognized. In our study, on-off lamp procedure for providing UV-B irradiation has been known to produce higher daily and seasonal UV doses than expected because there is no compensation (lamp modulation) for any reduction in incoming solar radiation during overcast and cloudy conditions, and during morning and afternoon periods (see Sullivan et al, 1994;Warren et al, 2002). Consequently, this is likely to exaggerate the UV-B response.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Long-term acclimation of mesophyll conductance, carbon isotope discrimination and growth in two contrasting Picea asperata populations exposed to drought and enhanced UV-B radiation for three years

Duan

Fei

Zhang

et al. 2011

Agricultural and Forest Meteorology

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Long-term acclimation of mesophyll conductance, carbon isotope discrimination and growth in two contrasting Picea asperata populations exposed to drought and enhanced UV-B radiation for three years

Duan

Fei

Zhang

et al. 2011

Agricultural and Forest Meteorology

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“…However, their exist few factual studies of SQW and MOD delivery systems operating concurrently. One published study claimed an up to 30% greater total daily supplemental UV-B exposure rendered in a SQW than MOD delivery system, and an observed trend towards a lower, though statistically insignificant, photosynthetic capacity in SQW irradiated plants (Sullivan et al, 1994). Noteworthy was that this study's observations were based on extreme experimental protocols.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…The impression created in most criticisms of SQW delivery systems is one of substantial UV-B supplementation excesses, and exaggerated plant responses to the greater total amounts of UV-B supplied (Sullivan et al, 1994;Allen et al, 1998). However, their exist few factual studies of SQW and MOD delivery systems operating concurrently.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These delivery systems account for diurnal, seasonal, and cli-materelated fluctuations in solar UV-B radiation by maintaining a constant supplemental to background UV-B ratio, and place relatively less emphasis on computer-modeled predictions of UV-B irradiance, since background UV-B intensity continuously controls the incremental UV-B supplement. As a consequence, SQW delivery systems have come under increased criticism (Sullivan et al, 1994;Allen et al, 1998). The rationale advanced include semi-empirical model over-estima-tion of the supplementary UV-B irradiance for a given ozone depletion scenario, and absence of supplemental UV-B adjustments for local changes in climate, such as variations in the amount and form of cloud and atmospheric aerosols.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One 5-month comparison between a SQW and MOD delivery system indicated that the daily average total UV-B irradiance received by plants was up to 30% greater in the SQW delivery system (Sullivan et al, 1994). Mere down regulation of the system to compensate for this increase was problematic due to difficulties in forecasting constantly changing weather conditions necessary to adjust SQW systems to give the same daily exposures as MOD systems resulting in either over-or under-exposure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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How substantial are ultraviolet-B supplementation inaccuracies in experimental square-wave delivery systems?

Musil

Björn

Scourfield

et al. 2002

Environmental and Experimental Botany

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Square-wave (SQW) ultraviolet-B (UV-B: 280-315 nm) radiation supplementation systems continue to be used in outdoor experimental locations due to the economically restrictive installation and maintenance costs, and technical expertise required to effectively operate more advanced modulated (MOD) delivery systems. However, continued yet contentious criticisms of SQW delivery systems risk creating prejudices as to the validity of plant responses measured in these with potentially negative repercussions on future UV-B experimentation. Consequently, we quantified the magnitude of UV-B supplementation inaccuracies in our typical outdoor step-wise SQW delivery system using 7-year records of computer-modeled and instrument-measured solar UV-B irradiances and synchronous measurements of total solar (300-3000 nm) radiation and daily sunshine duration. Both broad-and narrow-band instrument measurements confirmed that our step-wise SQW delivery system rendered larger total daily supplemental UV-B exposures (time-integrated UV-B irradiances) than a MOD delivery system on only substantially overcast days (25% or less daily sunshine duration). These larger supplemental UV-B exposures were augmented with increased magnitude of the added artificial UV-B supplement. However, their ranges did not exceed those in a MOD delivery system by more than 10% for added UV-B supplements of realistic magnitude (30% or less above background), except on virtually completely overcast days (5% or less daily sunshine duration). Also, our step-wise SQW delivery system rendered higher photon flux ratios of UV-B/total solar radiation than a MOD delivery system on only substantially overcast days, the ranges of which were also augmented with increased magnitude of the added artificial UV-B supplement. However, these features were restricted to high solar angles, since with reduced solar angle these higher photon flux ratios also included progressively less overcast days. Nevertheless, ranges of photon flux ratio increases were well below reported thresholds inhibiting to plant growth at all solar angles for the added artificial UV-B supplements of realistic magnitude, except on virtually completely overcast days. Results point to an under-estimation of clear-sky UV-B irradiance by the computer-encoded semi-empirical model commonly utilized to predict background and supplemental UV-B irradiances for SQW delivery systems. They confirm the superiority of MOD delivery systems in providing more realistic conditions of UV-B increases but likewise demonstrate little justification on results derived from all field-based SQW delivery systems as exaggerated where sensible irradiation protocols and realistic UV-B supplements are applied.

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Growth and photosynthetic responses of field‐grown sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua; Hamamelidaceae) seedlings to UV‐B radiation

Sullivan

Teramura

Dillenburg

1994

American J of Botany

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Very few studies have evaluated the effects of UV‐B radiation on trees. especially deciduous species. In this study we evaluate the effects of supplemental UV‐B radiation on the growth and photosynthetic capacity of sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua L.). Sweetgum seedlings were grown for 2 years in the field under either ambient or supplemental UV‐B radiation. Artificial UV‐B radiation was supplied by fluorescent lamps at a maximum daily supplementation of either 3.1 or 5.0 kJ of biologically effective UV‐B radiation. Over the 2‐year period, supplemental UV‐B radiation had little effect on total plant biomass or photosynthetic capacity. However, subtle changes in leaf physiology, carbon allocation, and growth were observed. Supplemental UV‐B radiation reduced photosynthetic capacity only during the first year, while leaf area and biomass were reduced in the second year. Alterations in carbon allocation included an increase in branch number and root to shoot ratio. While these data do not indicate that the productivity of sweetgum would likely be compromised by an increase in solar UV‐B radiation, they do suggest that the UV‐B portion of the solar spectrum contributes to the regulation of sweetgum growth and development. Therefore the possibility of significant consequences to sweetgum due to possible increases in UV‐B radiation cannot be ruled out.

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Comparison of the Response of Soybean to Supplemental UV-B Radiation Supplied by Either Square-Wave or Modulated Irradiation Systems

Cited by 27 publications

References 16 publications

Long-term acclimation of mesophyll conductance, carbon isotope discrimination and growth in two contrasting Picea asperata populations exposed to drought and enhanced UV-B radiation for three years

Long-term acclimation of mesophyll conductance, carbon isotope discrimination and growth in two contrasting Picea asperata populations exposed to drought and enhanced UV-B radiation for three years

How substantial are ultraviolet-B supplementation inaccuracies in experimental square-wave delivery systems?

Growth and photosynthetic responses of field‐grown sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua; Hamamelidaceae) seedlings to UV‐B radiation

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