Comparison of the response of motoneurons innervating perineal and hind limb muscles to spaceflight and recovery

Ishihara, Akihiko; Ohira, Yoshinobu; Roy, Roland R.; Nagaoka, Shunji; Sekiguchi, Chiharu; Hinds, William E.; Edgerton, V. Reggie

doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-4598(200005)23:5<753::aid-mus13>3.0.co;2-j

Cited by 28 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 54 publications

(86 reference statements)

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“…Furthermore, decreased oxidative enzyme activities have been observed in the spinal motoneurons innervating skeletal muscles, predominantly slow-twitch muscles, following exposure to microgravity [1][2][3]. In this study, decreased mRNA expression levels of HSP27, HSP70, and HSP84 were observed in the soleus muscle following exposure to microgravity (Fig.…”

Section: Spacefl Ightmentioning

confidence: 51%

“…It has been reported that gravitational unloading as a result of actual spacefl ight [1][2][3] or of simulation model, i.e., hindlimb suspension [4][5][6][7], inhibits the antigravity activity of skeletal muscles and modulates the neuromuscular properties in rats. Fiber atrophy and a shift from the slowto the fast-twitch phenotype in the fibers of rat skeletal muscles, predominantly in the antigravity slow-twitch muscles, are observed following hindlimb suspension [8].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Gene Expression Levels of Heat Shock Proteins in the Soleus and Plantaris Muscles of Rats after Hindlimb Suspension or Spaceflight

et al. 2008

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Gene expression levels of heat shock proteins (HSPs) in the slow-twitch soleus and fast-twitch plantaris muscles of rats were determined after hindlimb suspension or spaceflight. Male rats were hindlimb-suspended for 14 d or exposed to microgravity for 9 d. The mRNA expression levels of HSP27, HSP70, and HSP84 in the hindlimb-suspended and microgravity-exposed groups were compared with those in the controls. The mRNA expression levels of the 3 HSPs in the soleus muscle under normal conditions were higher compared with those in the plantaris muscle. The mRNA expression levels of the 3 HSPs in the soleus muscle were inhibited by hindlimb suspension and spaceflight. The mRNA expression levels of the 3 HSPs in the plantaris muscle did not change after hindlimb suspension. It is suggested that the mRNA expression levels of the 3 HSPs are regulated by the mechanical and neural activity levels, and therefore the decreased mRNA expression levels of HSPs in the slow-twitch muscle following hindlimb suspension and spaceflight are related to a reduction in the mechanical and neural activity levels.

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Section: Spacefl Ightmentioning

confidence: 51%

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confidence: 99%

Gene Expression Levels of Heat Shock Proteins in the Soleus and Plantaris Muscles of Rats after Hindlimb Suspension or Spaceflight

et al. 2008

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“…Exposure to microgravity causes fiber atrophy and type shift of fibers from high-oxidative type I to low-oxidative type II in the muscles, especially in antigravity muscles, e.g., the rat soleus muscle [31]. Decreased oxidative enzyme activity of spinal motoneurons innervating high-oxidative fibers in the muscles was observed following exposure to microgravity [32,33]. It is of interest to note that the oxidative enzyme activity of alpha motoneurons innervating extrafusal fibers in hindlimb muscles decreased after exposure to microgravity, whereas there was no change in the oxidative enzyme activity of alpha motoneurons innervating extrafusal fibers in forelimb muscles after exposure to microgravity [34].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Cell Size and Oxidative Enzyme Activity of Rat Biceps Brachii and Triceps Brachii Muscles

et al. 2007

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Fiber-type distributions, cross-sectional areas, and oxidative enzyme activities of type-identified fibers in the biceps brachii and triceps brachii muscles of 10-week-old male Wistar rats were determined and compared with those in the soleus and plantaris muscles. The soleus and plantaris muscles consisted of two (I and IIA) and three (I, IIA, and IIB) types of fibers, respectively. The deep regions of the biceps brachii and triceps brachii muscles consisted of three types of fibers, while the surface regions of those muscles consisted only of type IIB fibers. The cross-sectional areas of fibers in the deep and surface regions of the plantaris muscle and in the deep regions of the biceps brachii and triceps brachii muscles were in the rank order of type I = type IIA < type IIB, while the oxidative enzyme activities of fibers in the deep and surface regions of the plantaris muscle and in the deep region of the triceps brachii muscle were in the rank order of type IIB < type I = type IIA. These results indicate that fiber-type distributions, cross-sectional areas, and oxidative enzyme activities are muscle type-and region-specific. Therefore, the metabolic and functional significance of the biceps brachii and triceps brachii muscles, especially in the surface regions, where only type IIB fibers are located, in those muscles, appears to be determined by their fibers having larger cells and lower oxidative enzyme activity.

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“…In contrast, unloading induces decreased bone density and muscle fiber atrophy in the musculoskeletal system [7,8]. Fiber atrophy and a type shift of fibers from a slow to fast phenotype in skeletal muscles, especially in antigravity muscles, along with decreased oxidative enzyme activity in spinal motoneurons innervating skeletal muscles, presumably antigravity muscles, were observed following exposure to microgravity [9][10][11][12].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Degeneration in the musculoskeletal system, including muscle atrophy and bone osteoporosis, is widely accepted as being induced by aging [1][2][3][4][5], hind-limb suspension [6][7][8], or exposure to microgravity [9][10][11][12]. These changes are considered to result from decreased motor activity.…”

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confidence: 99%

Bone Density of the Femur and Fiber Cross-Sectional Area and Oxidative Enzyme Activity of the Tibialis Anterior Muscle in Type II Collagen-Induced Arthritic Mice

Okiura

Nagatomo

et al. 2008

J. Physiol. Sci

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Femur bone densities and tibialis anterior muscle properties of type II collagen-induced arthritic mice were determined. Furthermore, voluntary running activities of arthritic mice were compared with those of controls. Arthritis was induced by an intradermal injection of type II collagen in the adjuvant. Body and muscle weights were lower in arthritic mice than in controls. Cortical and trabecular bone densities and muscle fiber crosssectional areas were decreased by arthritis. After classifying the arthritic severity into slight, intermediate, and severe levels based on the degree of knuckle swelling, cortical and trabecular bone densities, fiber cross-sectional areas, and fiber succinate dehydrogenase activities were lowest when arthritis was most severe. Furthermore, arthritic mice, especially those with intermediate and severe levels, showed lower voluntary running activities. These findings indicate that lower bone density and muscle atrophy of type II collagen-induced arthritic mice are related to arthritic severity and decreased motor activity.Key words : bone density, cross-sectional area, motor activity, mouse, muscle fiber, succinate dehydrogenase activity, type II collagen-induced arthritis.Degeneration in the musculoskeletal system, including muscle atrophy and bone osteoporosis, is widely accepted as being induced by aging [1][2][3][4][5], hind-limb suspension [6][7][8], or exposure to microgravity [9][10][11][12]. These changes are considered to result from decreased motor activity.Previous studies observed that animal models [13-16] and patients [17] with arthritis showed decreased spontaneous motor activities because of severe chronic pain in the joints. Type II collagen-induced arthritis is a model of polyarthritis induced in susceptible rodents by immunization with type II collagen [18,19]. Muscle atrophy and decreased bone density occur in type II collageninduced arthritic rodents because these animals may have lower motor activities as a result of their distal joint pain. Therefore this study investigated cortical and trabecular bone densities of the femur and fiber cross-sectional areas and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activities of the tibialis anterior muscle in type II collagen-induced arthritic mice. Furthermore, voluntary running activities of arthritic mice were compared with those of controls. METHODSAll experimental procedures and animal care were conducted in accordance with the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals prepared by the Physiological Society of Japan. This study was also approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Kyoto University.Antigens and immunizations. Sixty-day-old DBA/1J male mice were randomly divided into control ( n = 5) and arthritic ( n = 13) groups. All mice were individually housed in cages of the same size. The mice in the arthritic group were immunized from 60 to 81 days after birth. Type II collagen was solubilized from fetal bovine articular cartilage by limited proteolysis with pepsin [20]. Type II collagen was...

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Comparison of the response of motoneurons innervating perineal and hind limb muscles to spaceflight and recovery

Cited by 28 publications

References 54 publications

Gene Expression Levels of Heat Shock Proteins in the Soleus and Plantaris Muscles of Rats after Hindlimb Suspension or Spaceflight

Gene Expression Levels of Heat Shock Proteins in the Soleus and Plantaris Muscles of Rats after Hindlimb Suspension or Spaceflight

Cell Size and Oxidative Enzyme Activity of Rat Biceps Brachii and Triceps Brachii Muscles

Bone Density of the Femur and Fiber Cross-Sectional Area and Oxidative Enzyme Activity of the Tibialis Anterior Muscle in Type II Collagen-Induced Arthritic Mice

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