Comparison of the Suitability of Contiguous Fallow-forest Lands for Cassava, Yam, Cocoyam and Sweet Potato Production in Nsukka, Southeastern Nigeria

Abstract

Abstract. This analysis compared the suitability of contiguous fallow-forest lands for cassava, yam, cocoyam and sweet potato production in Nsukka, south-eastern Nigeria. The fallow plots were brought into cultivation in 1998 under the IITA-UNN long-term collaborative research. The sole cassava plots were grown to cassava only continuously for five years and then left to fallow. Soil samples were collected from 0-20 cm depth in triplicates using an auger and core sampler from the seven representative fallow plots previously grown to sole cassava from 1998-2003 and under fallow till date as well as the adjacent forest land. The objective was to use the soil qualities as recovered during the fallow period and those from the original adjacent forest to determine their current suitability for the production of the four crops. Using the FAO's principle of limiting conditions revealed that after 13 yrs of fallow, the plots grown to sole cassava was classified as highly suitable (S1) for sweet potato production but moderately suitable (S2) for cassava, yam and cocoyam production. The remnant forest land was highly suitable for sweet potato production but moderately suitable for cassava, yam and cocoyam production. The dominant soil limitations are organic matter, low cation exchange capacity and exchangeable potassium for both cassava and yam production. The major limitations to cocoyam production are low available phosphorous, base saturation and soil pH. If these constraints are addressed adequately by soil nutrient management programmes all the plots will scale up to S1 class for the four crops.

Suitability Analysis for Yam Production in Nigeria using Satellite and Observation Data

“…The yam is a tropical root tuber and vine that is intolerant of cold. Temperatures between 25 and 30 • C are required for yam tuber growth, while temperatures below 20 • C stifle growth [42,43]. High temperatures exceeding 35 • C, according to Adifon et al [44], are detrimental to yam growth and development and may cause fluctuations in moisture content, which may have an influence on agricultural activities if the plants have adaptation problems [15].…”

“…The majority of yam varieties require an average of 7 to 9 months of growing time before harvesting. To fully exploit the yam's production potential, it requires over 1,500 mm [42,43] of annual precipitation distributed evenly over the vegetation period. In contrast, high precipitation amounts in excess of 3500 mm are not too good for yam cultivation and may affect its production.…”