Comparison of the transdermal ballistic delivery of micro-particles into human and porcine skin

Abstract

Abstract-This paper describes a comparative investigation into the impact penetration characteristics of DNA-coated gold micro-particles into human and porcine skin. This work is aimed at establishing the link between the particle parameters required in delivering particles to the epidermis of pigs and humans.The particles are delivered to the skin using the PowderJect concept: a method that accelerates vaccines and drugs in microparticle form to velocities sufficient to penetrate the skin and achieve a therapeutic effect. Devices are configured to deliver particles to predetermined velocities to both the in-vivo inguinal region of the pig and the ex-vivo skin from the human back and arm. Location of the gold particles within the tissue sites was assayed in histological sections taken from the tissue sites. The penetration results in pig and human tissue are analyzed and compared with calculations performed with a semi-empirical unified penetration model.

Microneedle-assisted microparticle delivery by gene guns: experiments and modeling on the effects of particle characteristics

“…Various studies have adopted that the drag force acting on the microparticles is split into a yield force (F y ), a frictional resistive force (F f ) and a resistive inertial force of target material (F i ) (Dehn, 1987;Kendall et al, 2001;Mitchell et al, 2003;Liu, 2007;. Thus, Equation (7) is written as:…”

Potential of microneedle-assisted micro-particle delivery by gene guns: a review

“…For the penetration stage, various studies have separated the resistance force on the micro-particle into a yield force (F y ), frictional resistive force (F f ) and resistive inertial force of the target material (F i ; Dehn, 1987;Kendall et al, 2001;Mitchell et al, 2003;Liu, 2007;. The force balance equation is shown below:…”

“…For example, have modeled the delivery of golden particle of diameters 1.8 and 5 mm using 3 MPa pressure and have shown that penetration depths of 95 and 135 mm can be achieved for particle of diameters 1.8 and 5 mm, respectively. Kendall et al (2001) have analyzed the golden particle penetration by using Equation (2) for particle penetration in human and porcine skins. In addition, predictions from the theoretical model have been shown to agree well with the experimental results by Kendall et al (2001).…”

“…Kendall et al (2001) have analyzed the golden particle penetration by using Equation (2) for particle penetration in human and porcine skins. In addition, predictions from the theoretical model have been shown to agree well with the experimental results by Kendall et al (2001). More recently, have also implemented Equation (2) in a theoretical model which is implemented using FINE/Turbo code to calculate the penetration depth of gold micro-particle inside the skin.…”

<title>Analysis of microparticle penetration into human and porcine skin: non-invasive imaging with multiphoton excitation microscopy</title>

“…Primarily, histological studies of the skin are limited to excised animal and human samples-live tissue cannot be studied in-vivo 16 . The histology process is also labor intensive: slides are prepared from across the footprint, imaged and analyzed individually using a microscope.…”