Comparison of third-order torque simulation with and without a periodontal ligament simulant

George, Michael G.; Romanyk, Dan L.; George, Andrew; Yin, Longwei; Heo, Giseon; Major, Paul W.; Carey, Jason P.

doi:10.1016/j.ajodo.2015.04.029

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…It is expected that in‐vitro methods without periodontal simulated compliance would result in a stiffer response than the actual response. The previous in‐vitro research 26 comparing third‐order torque procedures with and without periodontal simulated compliance found small differences in measured forces and moments at low levels of simulated displacement and negligible effects of the compliance at larger magnitudes of movement. Secondly, thermoplastic aligner materials are viscoelastic in nature, which means that the force generated changes as a function of time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Investigating the role of aligner material and tooth position on orthodontic aligner biomechanics

Kaur¹,

Khurelbaatar²,

Mah

et al. 2022

J Biomed Mater Res

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The primary objective of this work was to investigate the effect of material selection and tooth position on orthodontic aligner biomechanics. Additionally, material property changes with thermoforming were studied to elucidate its role in material performance in-vitro. An orthodontic simulator (OSIM) was used to evaluate forces and moments at 0.20 mm of lingual displacement for central incisor, canine and second premolar using Polyethylene terephthalate (PET), Polyurethane (PU) and Glycol-modified polyethylene terephthalate (PET-G) materials. The OSIM was scanned to generate a model used to fabricate aligners using manufacturerspecified thermoforming procedures. Repeated measures of MANOVA was used to analyze the effect of teeth and material on forces/moments. The role of thermoforming was evaluated by flexural modulus estimated by 3-point bend tests. -Pre-thermoformed and post-thermoformed samples were prepared using as-received sheets and those thermoformed over a simplified arch using rectangular geometry, respectively. Groups were compared using Two-way ANOVA. The PET, PU, and PET-G materials exerted maximum buccal force and corresponding moments on the canine. PU exerted more buccal force than PET-G on the canine and second premolar, and more than PET on the second premolar. The impact of thermoforming varied according to the specific polymer: PET-G remained stable, there was a slight change for PET, and a significant increase was noted for PU from pre-thermoformed to post-thermoforming. The results of this study elucidate the influence of material and arch position on the exerted forces and moments. Further, the mechanical properties of thermoplastic materials should be evaluated after thermoforming to characterize their properties for clinical application.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Investigating the role of aligner material and tooth position on orthodontic aligner biomechanics

Kaur¹,

Khurelbaatar²,

Mah

et al. 2022

J Biomed Mater Res

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“…First, based on previous research (George et al, 2015; Romanyk et al, 2015; Xia and Chen, 2013), equal amounts of gasket sealant and silicone with a thickness of 0.5 mm were used as the simulated PDL in the present study. It has been reported that there is a large variation in the elastic modulus of the actual PDL, and that the actual PDL has bilinear characteristics (Dong-Xu et al, 2011; Dorow et al, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on previous studies (George et al, 2015; Romanyk et al, 2015; Xia and Chen, 2013), a material made of equal amounts of room-temperature vulcanised silicone (SI 587 BLUE RTV Silicone, Henkel, Rocky Hill, CT, USA) and gasket sealant made of resin, isopropanol and fillers (MR GS2 GASKET SEALANT, Henkel) with a thickness of 0.5 mm was used as a simulated PDL in the present study. Equal amounts of silicone and gasket sealant were injected by syringe and mixed at room temperature.…”

Section: Simulated Pdl (Figure 1b-3)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A new orthodontic force simulation system with a simulated periodontal ligament to measure the delivered force at the root apex

Tochigi

Arai

2023

J Orthod

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Objective: To develop a new orthodontic force simulation system with a simulated periodontal ligament (PDL) that enables measurement of the delivered force at the root apex and to clarify the relationship between the applied orthodontic force and the delivered force at the root apex. Design: In vitro study. Setting: Orthodontics department of a university. Methods: A new orthodontic force simulation system that enables measurement of the force at the root apex of the maxillary central incisor was developed. Lingual and intrusion movements were simulated with applied orthodontic force at three levels: 50, 100 and 200 gf. The delivered forces at the root apex were compared between the two movements. Furthermore, the ratio of delivered force at the root apex to the applied orthodontic force (the apex force ratio) was calculated. Results: The magnitudes of delivered forces at the root apex were significantly greater in intrusion movement than in lingual movement ( P < 0.01). The apex force ratios were in the range of 47.3%–56.2% for lingual movement and 85.6%–86.2% for intrusion movement. Conclusion: The present study of a newly developed orthodontic force simulation system showed that the characteristics of the delivered force at the root apex differed according to the direction of tooth movement.

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“…Primarily, the configuration of the OTS used in this study did not account for biological factors, namely, periodontal ligament (PDL) compliance; however, the influence of including PDL compliance in third-order torque simulations has been found to minimally affect results. 14 While the lack of biological factors prevents discussion of phenomena such as tissue remodeling, the geometric considerations (eg, the twist in a wire, bracketarchwire misalignment, etc), which are what govern the generated orthodontic loads, are still representative of the oral environment. In addition, only passively ligated brackets were tested in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of second-order bracket-archwire misalignments on loads generated during third-order archwire rotation in orthodontic treatment

Romanyk

George

et al. 2015

The Angle Orthodontist

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Comparison of third-order torque simulation with and without a periodontal ligament simulant

Cited by 6 publications

References 26 publications

Investigating the role of aligner material and tooth position on orthodontic aligner biomechanics

Investigating the role of aligner material and tooth position on orthodontic aligner biomechanics

A new orthodontic force simulation system with a simulated periodontal ligament to measure the delivered force at the root apex

Influence of second-order bracket-archwire misalignments on loads generated during third-order archwire rotation in orthodontic treatment

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