Comparison of Three Enzyme Immunoassays for Measuring 17β‐Estradiol in Flushed Dairy Manure Wastewater

Hanselman, Travis A.; Graetz, D. A.; Wilkie, Ann C.

doi:10.2134/jeq2004.1919

Cited by 19 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The E2Eq values (a determinant of estrogenic activity) paralleled the fE concentrations in non-hydrolyzed samples (Figure 2 filled bar), but paralleled total estrogen concentrations in hydrolyzed samples (Figure 2, white bar). Concentrations of free and conjugated estrogens observed in the present study were lower than those reported by and Williams (2001), but comparable to those reported by Hanselman, et al (2004). The inter-study differences may be due to the differences in the manure-facilities and/or analytical procedures used.…”

Section: Total Estrogen Concentrations and Estrogenic Activitysupporting

confidence: 69%

Fate of Conjugated and Free Estrogens in Swine Manure Collected from areas Housing Piglets, Pregnant Sows and Finisher Pigs

Ashok¹

2016

JAS

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Occurrence and fate of estrogens and their metabolites were studied in pig manure collected during winter and summer seasons from sites housing piglets (Nursery (Nur)-manure), pregnant and nursing sows (PS manure) and finisher pigs (FPig manure). The liquid and solid fractions of manure were analyzed for (1) total solids (TS), volatile solids (VS) and total organic carbon (TOC), (2) E coli and M fujisawaense enumeration, (3) total and individual estrogens and (4) estrogenic activity. This study showed that VS and OC values, E coli and M fujisawaense enumerations, estrogen concentrations and estrogenic activity exhibited the following pattern: Nur-manure << FPig-manure < PS-manure. The values for summer and winter Nur-manure did not differ significantly, while the values in summer PS-manure or FPig manure samples were significantly higher than values in corresponding winter samples. Although, estrogens distributed between liquid and solid fractions of manure, concentrations of free, but not conjugated, estrogens depended on manures’ TOC values: an increase in TOC associated with an increase in free estrogen concentrations in liquid manure. However, an increase in TOC decreased the bacterial population in manure liquid by increasing their translocation from liquid into the in solids and ensuing bacterial stabilization. This may increase estrogens’ deconjugation and/or degradation. Estrone (E1) sulfate (sE1), free E1 (fE1), E1 glucuronide (gE1) and E1 metabolites were major steroids present in Nur- and PS-manure, while fE2 and gE2 were predominant estrogens in FPig-manure. In total, the winter estrogen load in liquid was 5.1 mg/L and the load in solid was 4.93 mg/kg. Assuming that 2.3 x 108 kg of manure is produced in the USA per day, approximate hormone load will be 2.3 tons/day. However, manure contains microorganisms that hydrolyze estrogens, thus actual hormone load will be considerably lower.

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Section: Total Estrogen Concentrations and Estrogenic Activitysupporting

confidence: 69%

Fate of Conjugated and Free Estrogens in Swine Manure Collected from areas Housing Piglets, Pregnant Sows and Finisher Pigs

Ashok¹

2016

JAS

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“…Due to its relative ease of use and ability to provide quick results, the ELISA method has been popular for assessing the concentrations of estrogens in agricultural runoff (Hanselman et al, 2004). However, many of the studies that have estimated estrogen concentrations solely using ELISA have reported fairly high values (Finlay‐Moore et al, 2000; Jenkins et al, 2009; Nichols et al, 1997).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Free and Conjugated Estrogen Exports in Surface‐Runoff from Poultry Litter–Amended Soil

Dutta

Inamdar

Tso³

et al. 2010

J of Env Quality

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Land application of animal manures such as poultry litter is a common practice, especially in states with surplus manure. Past studies have shown that animal manure may contain estrogens, which are classified as endocrine-disrupting chemicals and may pose a threat to aquatic and wildlife species. We evaluated the concentrations of estrogens in surface runoff from experimental plots (5 x 12 m each) receiving raw and pelletized poultry litter. We evaluated the free (estrone, E1; 17beta-estradiol, E2beta; estriol, E3) and conjugate forms (glucuronides and sulfates) of estrogens, which differ in their toxicity. Sampling was performed for 10 natural storm events over a 4-mo period (April-July 2008). Estrogen concentrations were screened using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), followed by quantification using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). Concentrations of estrogens from ELISA were much higher than the LC/MS/MS values, indicating crossreactivity with organic compounds. Exports of estrogens were much lower from soils amended with pelletized poultry litter than the raw form of the litter. No-tillage management practice also resulted in a lower export of estrogens with surface runoff compared with reduced tillage. The concentrations and exports of conjugate forms of estrogens were much higher than the free forms for some treatments, indicating that the conjugate forms should be considered for a comprehensive assessment of the threat posed by estrogens.

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“…However, the detection limits reported by Raman et al (2001) are poor (10 μg L −1 ) relative to the endogenous concentrations of steroidal estrogens (ng L −1 ) likely to be found in dilute dairy wastes such as FDMW (Kolodziej et al, 2004). Regardless of detection limit restrictions, liquid‐liquid ether extraction of FDMW gives a sample that is not of sufficient quality for quantitative derivatization and introduction into the GC‐MS (Hanselman et al, 2004). Thus, a more extensive extraction and purification technique is required for the analysis of wastes such as FDMW.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Quantitative enzyme immunoassays have been used in previous studies for measuring estrogens in dairy waste (Raman et al, 2001). However, previous work in our laboratory showed that enzyme immunoassays were prone to matrix interference which resulted in inaccurate quantification of estrogen in dairy waste (Hanselman et al, 2004). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) or liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) based methods are more conclusive than immunoassays, but few of these techniques have been developed for measuring estrogens in livestock waste (Raman et al, 2001;Fine et al, 2003).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Steroidal Estrogens in Flushed Dairy Manure Wastewater by Gas Chromatography‐Mass Spectrometry

et al. 2006

Self Cite

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There is a critical need to accurately measure the concentrations of natural steroidal estrogens in flushed dairy manure wastewater (FDMW) to assess any potential risk of waterway contamination resulting from land application. Estrogens are a concern because low concentrations (10-100 ng L-1) in water can adversely affect aquatic vertebrate species such as fish, turtles, and frogs by disrupting the normal function of their endocrine systems. The objective of this study was to develop a sample preparation method that permits the quantification of four natural steroidal estrogens (17alpha-estradiol, 17beta-estradiol, estrone, and estriol) in FDMW by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Solid-phase extraction with graphitized carbon black was used for the bulk extraction of estrogens from FDMW and additional sample purification was accomplished with C-18. The sample preparation method allowed estrogens to be detected accurately by GC-MS in FDMW. Spiked recovery experiments indicated that the method is satisfactory for measuring the estrogens of interest in FDMW with average recovery of >90%. As expected in FDMW, characterization of the estrogen profile revealed a large abundance of 17alpha-estradiol relative to 17beta-estradiol and estrone. Estriol was not detected in FDMW. The methodology developed in this research helps provide an analytical foundation for the quantification of steroidal estrogens in FDMW by GC-MS.

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Comparison of Three Enzyme Immunoassays for Measuring 17β‐Estradiol in Flushed Dairy Manure Wastewater

Cited by 19 publications

References 20 publications

Fate of Conjugated and Free Estrogens in Swine Manure Collected from areas Housing Piglets, Pregnant Sows and Finisher Pigs

Fate of Conjugated and Free Estrogens in Swine Manure Collected from areas Housing Piglets, Pregnant Sows and Finisher Pigs

Free and Conjugated Estrogen Exports in Surface‐Runoff from Poultry Litter–Amended Soil

Determination of Steroidal Estrogens in Flushed Dairy Manure Wastewater by Gas Chromatography‐Mass Spectrometry

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