Comparison of Three Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays to Detect <i>Porcine Circovirus-2</i> (PCV-2)—Specific Antibodies after Vaccination or Inoculation of Pigs with Distinct PCV-1 or PCV-2 Isolates

Patterson, Abby R.; Johnson, J D; Ramamoorthy, Sheela; Meng, Xiang‐Jin; Halbur, Patrick G.; Opriessnig, Tanja

doi:10.1177/104063870802000605

Cited by 22 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…However, the analysis of PCV2-specific antibody titres is challenging from a technical perspective. Several studies revealed that vast differences among laboratories and various ELISA test systems exist [29,30]. Despite these issues, we decided to use a qualitative ELISA capable of distinguishing IgM from IgG antibodies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PCV2 vaccination induces IFN-γ/TNF-α co-producing T cells with a potential role in protection

Koinig

Talker

Stadler

et al. 2015

Vet Res

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Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is one of the economically most important pathogens for swine production worldwide. Vaccination is a powerful tool to control porcine circovirus diseases (PCVD). However, it is not fully understood how PCV2 vaccination interacts with the porcine immune system. Especially knowledge on the cellular immune response against PCV2 is sparse. In this study we analysed antigen-specific T cell responses against PCV2 in a controlled vaccination and infection experiment. We focused on the ability of CD4+ T cells to produce cytokines using multicolour flow cytometry (FCM). Vaccination with a PCV2 subunit vaccine (Ingelvac CircoFLEX®) induced PCV2-specific antibodies only in five out of 12 animals. Conversely, vaccine-antigen specific CD4+ T cells which simultaneously produced IFN-γ and TNF-α and had a phenotype of central and effector memory T cells were detected in all vaccinated piglets. After challenge, seroconversion occurred earlier in vaccinated and infected pigs compared to the non-vaccinated, infected group. Vaccinated pigs were fully protected against viremia after subsequent challenge. Therefore, our data suggests that the induction of IFN-γ/TNF-α co-producing T cells by PCV2 vaccination may serve as a potential correlate of protection for this type of vaccine.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13567-015-0157-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PCV2 vaccination induces IFN-γ/TNF-α co-producing T cells with a potential role in protection

Koinig

Talker

Stadler

et al. 2015

Vet Res

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“…Samples were considered positive if the calculated sample-to-positive (S/P) ratio was 0.2 or greater. Previously, this ELISA has shown to have a sensitivity and specificity of 100% at the S/P ratio 0.2 cutoff using samples from experimentally infected pigs on trial day 49 [41]. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2)-infection and re-inoculation with homologous or heterologous strains: virological, serological, pathological and clinical effects in growing pigs

et al. 2010

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Long-term PCV2 infection and/or concurrent infection with genotypes PCV2a and PCV2b may play a role in the development of clinical porcine circovirus-associated disease (PCVAD). To evaluate this premise, 24 11-week-old specific pathogen-free (SPF) pigs were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatments: negative controls, a single inoculation with PCV2a, single inoculation followed by re-inoculation with a homologous PCV2a strain, or repeated inoculations with heterologous strains (PCV2a, PCV2b). Pigs were evaluated for clinical signs daily through 140 days post inoculation (dpi). Serum samples were collected every other day from dpi 0 through 14 and weekly thereafter. PCV2-inoculated pigs were viremic by dpi 2 and 13 of 18 pigs remained viremic at 140 dpi. No statistical differences in the onset, level, or duration of PCV2 viremia were detected among treatment groups. Anti-PCV2 antibodies were detected between 14 and 28 dpi and were present through 140 dpi without statistical differences in antibody response among treatment groups. In the current study, pigs had extended viremia combined with detectable tissue PCV2 antigen levels despite the presence of high levels of anti-PCV2 antibody; however, no clinical disease was observed.

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“…In some cases, PCVs were detected simultaneously with other porcine viruses using multiplex PCR [51,52]. Other detection methods are antibody-based methods such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Western blot analysis, and immunofluorescence [53,54,55,56,57,58]. The use of saliva for antibody detection gained popularity because of the ease of use and associated cost-saving [59].…”

Section: Diagnosis and Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Porcine Circoviruses and Xenotransplantation

Denner

Mankertz

2017

Viruses

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Allotransplantation and xenotransplantation may be associated with the transmission of pathogens from the donor to the recipient. Whereas in the case of allotransplantation the transmitted microorganisms and their pathogenic effect are well characterized, the possible influence of porcine microorganisms on humans is mostly unknown. Porcine circoviruses (PCVs) are common in pig breeds and they belong to porcine microorganisms that still have not been fully addressed in terms of evaluating the potential risk of xenotransplantation using pig cells, tissues, and organs. Two types of PCVs are known: porcine circovirus (PCV) 1 and PCV2. Whereas PCV1 is apathogenic in pigs, PCV2 may induce severe pig diseases. Although most pigs are subclinically infected, we do not know whether this infection impairs pig transplant functionality, particularly because PCV2 is immunosuppressive. In addition, vaccination against PCV2 is able to prevent diseases, but in most cases not transmission of the virus. Therefore, PCV2 has to be eliminated to obtain xenotransplants from uninfected healthy animals. Although there is evidence that PCV2 does not infect—at least immunocompetent—humans, animals should be screened using sensitive methods to ensure virus elimination by selection, Cesarean delivery, vaccination, or embryo transfer.

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Comparison of Three Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays to Detect Porcine Circovirus-2 (PCV-2)—Specific Antibodies after Vaccination or Inoculation of Pigs with Distinct PCV-1 or PCV-2 Isolates

Cited by 22 publications

References 30 publications

PCV2 vaccination induces IFN-γ/TNF-α co-producing T cells with a potential role in protection

PCV2 vaccination induces IFN-γ/TNF-α co-producing T cells with a potential role in protection

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2)-infection and re-inoculation with homologous or heterologous strains: virological, serological, pathological and clinical effects in growing pigs

Porcine Circoviruses and Xenotransplantation

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