Comparison of Three Methods of Mint Propagation and Their Effect on the Yield of Fresh Material and Essential Oil

Zheljazkov, V.; Yankov, B.; Topalov, V.

doi:10.1080/10412905.1996.9700551

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…The essential oil yields in this study were either similar to or greater than yields reported in the literature (Ram et al, 2006; Singh and Saini, 2008; Singh et al, 1989a, 1989b; Zheljazkov and Margina, 1996; Zheljazkov et al, 1996a, 1996b). For example, Singh and Saini (2008) reported oil yields between 57 and 102 L ha −1 that depended on planting date, mulching and herbicide treatments.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…In a study with one cultivar of M. arvensis , Murray et al (1972) reported 64 to 73% menthol in 1970 in Indiana (41°39′ N lat) and 48 to 58% menthol in 1972 in Michigan (42°36′ N lat). Zheljazkov and Margina (1996) reported 61 to 67% menthol in a single cultivar of M. arvensis , whereas Zheljazkov et al (1996a, 1996b) reported 57 to 64% (–)‐menthol in two cultivars of Japanese cornmint in Plovdiv, Bulgaria (42°08′ N lat). Comparison with the literature is complicated by the fact that most papers report (–)‐menthol concentration as the area under the curve, whereas we did an absolute quantification of (–)‐menthol in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some of the above studies were conducted in the subtropical part of India, at latitudes 30°5′ N and 26°5′ N, respectively. Zheljazkov et al (1996a) and Zheljazkov and Margina (1996) reported oil yields (from a single harvest/year) of 108 to 176 kg ha −1 in Bulgaria, at 42°08′ N lat.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Study on Japanese Cornmint in Mississippi

Zheljazkov

Cantrell²,

Astatkie

2010

Agronomy Journal

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Japanese cornmint (Mentha canadensis L.) is a subtropical essential oil crop grown in Asia and South America. The essential oil of Japanese cornmint is the source for production of crystal (–)‐menthol, which is an important aromatic agent used in various industries. The United States is a major importer and consumer of (–)‐menthol and de‐mentholized oil. Currently there is no production of Japanese cornmint in the United States. A 2‐yr study was conducted in Mississippi to evaluate the effect of N application rates (0, 80, and 160 kg ha−1) and cut (harvest time, with a first cut in July, and a second cut in October) on herbage yields, essential oil content, and composition of two Japanese cornmint genotypes (‘Arvensis 2’ and ‘Arvensis 3’). Both cultivars provided two cuts and comparable herbage and oil yields to literature reports. Generally, N application increased fresh herbage and oil yields relative to the untreated control. Herbage, essential oil, (–)‐menthol, and (–)‐menthone yields were greater from the first cut than from the second for both cultivars. The concentration of (–)‐menthol in the oil of both cultivars was approximately 50% in 2007; however, in 2008 the (–)‐menthol concentration was 67 to 76% in ‘Arvensis 2’ and 73 to 78% in ‘Arvensis 3’. This study demonstrates that Japanese cornmint could be successfully grown in Mississippi and possibly other areas in the southeastern United States with similar environmental conditions.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Study on Japanese Cornmint in Mississippi

Zheljazkov

Cantrell²,

Astatkie

2010

Agronomy Journal

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“…The concentration of (‐)‐menthol in M. canadensis genotypes in this study was similar to previous reports (Pandey et al, 2003; Murray et al, 1972; Verma et al, 2010; Zheljazkov and Margina, 1996; Zheljazkov et al, 1996a,b). The productivity of the two genotypes of M. canadensis with respect to oil yields in this study were greater than those previously reported (Ram et al, 2006; Singh and Saini, 2008; Singh et al, 1989a, 1989b; Zheljazkov and Margina, 1996; Zheljazkov et al, 1996a, 1996b). This subtropical plant can be used as essential oil crop in the southeastern United States.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Yield and Composition of Oil from Japanese Cornmint Fresh and Dry Material Harvested Successively

Zheljazkov

Cantrell

Astatkie³

2010

Agronomy Journal

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Japanese cornmint (Mentha canadensis L., synonym M. arvensis L.) is a subtropical plant with major producers India, China, Vietnam, and Brazil (Chand et al., 2004;Clark, 1998;Kumar et al., 2000;Lawrence, 2007;Singh and Saini, 2008). Th ere is no production of Japanese cornmint in the United States despite some incorrect reports (Pandey et al., 2003;Singh and Saini, 2008). Japanese cornmint is the only commercially viable source of crystalline menthol, which is used in pharmaceutical, food, fl avor, and fragrance industries (Clark, 1998;Chand et al., 2004;Galeotti et al., 2002;Lawrence, 2007; MIRC, 2010;Shrivastava et al., 2002;Topalov, 1962;Topalov, 1989). Th e United States is a major importer of Japanese cornmint essential oil and (-)-menthol (the MIRC, personal communication, 2007). Due to inconsistencies with supply and quality of (-)-menthol or Japanese cornmint essential oil, mint growers and broker companies are interested in domestic U.S. production of Japanese cornmint. Japanese cornmint can be a viable crop in the southeastern United States and provide desirable oil composition with a high concentration of (-)-menthol (Zheljazkov et al., 2010a).A limiting factor for the establishment of Japanese cornmint production in the southern and southeastern United States has been the lack of suffi cient information on agronomics and postharvest management of this potential new crop. Harvesting time is important because of its direct eff ect on number of cuts in a cropping season. Another important aspect that has not been addressed in the United States is drying of Japanese cornmint before essential oil extraction. To increase effi ciency of essential oil extraction, peppermint and spearmint producers in the Midwest and northwestern United States traditionally have been drying the harvested biomass, which results in lower transportation and extraction costs. Th e objective of this study was to assess changes in essential oil content and composition of Japanese cornmint as a function of harvesting time and drying. MATERIALS AND METHODS Plant Materials and Growing ConditionsCertifi ed and virus free planting material (propagated through tissue culture) of cultivars Arvensis 2 and Arvensis 3 of Japanese cornmint were acquired from Th e Summit Plant 3 kg ha −1 ). Th e concentration of (-)-menthol in the cultivars was higher at harvests 4 (69.3%) and 5 (67.7%), and lower at harvests 2 (63.6%) and 3 (64.7%). Th e yield of (-)-menthol was highest in harvest 4 (116.2 kg ha −1 ), lower in harvest 3 (78.4 kg ha −1 ) and lowest in the fi rst harvest (19.1 kg ha −1 ). In northern Mississippi (or in other areas with similar latitude and environment), cornmint for production of (-)-menthol should be harvested in late July. For highest biomass yields, Arvensis 3 should be harvested in mid-July, whereas Arvensis 2 should be harvested in late July. Th e essential oil profi le of M. canadensis in this experiment was more desirable (with respect to (-)-menthol concentration) than the profi le of two commercially available M. can...

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“…Japanese cornmint oil content and composition may be affected by a number of factors such as fertilization (Zheljazkov et al, 2010a), methods of propagation (Zheljazkov et al, 1996a) and harvesting stage (Topalov and Zheljazkov, 1991;Zheljazkov et al, 2010b).…”

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confidence: 99%

Effect of Distillation Time on Mentha canadensis Essential Oil Yield and Composition

Zheljazkov¹,

Astatkie²

2012

horts

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Japanese cornmint (Mentha canadensis L.) is a major essential oil crop grown in Asia, South America, and to a limited extent in eastern Europe. Japanese cornmint oil is the only commercially viable source for crystalline menthol. We hypothesized that the length of the distillation time (DT) will have an effect on Japanese cornmint essential oil content and composition. Therefore, the objective was to evaluate the effect of eight DTs (1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, 20, 40, 80, and 160 min) on essential oil content and composition. The essential oil content (0.43% to 1.06% range) reached maximum at 10 min DT; further increase in DT did not significantly increase essential oil content. The concentrations of alpha-pinene (0.14% to 0.76% range), beta-pinene (0.23–0.81), 3-octanal (0.19–0.34), limonene (0.69% to 1.53%), eucalyptol (0.06% to 0.12%), isopulegone (0.42% to 0.56%), and isomenthone (4.4% to 5.7%) were highest at 1.25 to 5 min DT and generally decreased to their respective minimums at 160 min DT. The concentration of menthone (4.3% to 6.3%) was highest at 1.25 min DT, decreased at 2.5 min, and was lowest at 10 to 160 min DT. The concentration of piperitone (0.98% to 1.27%) was lowest at 1.25 min DT and higher at 5 to 40 min DT compared with other DTs. The concentration of menthol (74% to 79%) was low at 1.25 min, then increased at 10 to 80 min DT, and reached a maximum at 160 min DT. Generally, the yield of most individual essential oil constituents was lower at 1.25 min DT relative to the other DT and reached maximum at 10 to 20 min DT. The yield of menthol was low at 1.25 to 2.5 min DT and rose at 5 min to 160 min DT. The results suggest that different DTs can be used to maximize recovery of certain constituents. Also, the results demonstrated that there are no oil yield gains after 20 min DT, which is much lower than the usual distillation time of 60 min or more. This study can be used as a reference when comparing reports in which different DTs were used.

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Comparison of Three Methods of Mint Propagation and Their Effect on the Yield of Fresh Material and Essential Oil

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

Study on Japanese Cornmint in Mississippi

Study on Japanese Cornmint in Mississippi

Yield and Composition of Oil from Japanese Cornmint Fresh and Dry Material Harvested Successively

Effect of Distillation Time on Mentha canadensis Essential Oil Yield and Composition

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