Comparison of Three Nonviral Transfection Methods for Foreign Gene Expression in Early Chicken Embryosin Ovo

Dual mechanisms governing muscle cell death in tadpole tail during amphibian metamorphosis

“…Microinjection of DNA was performed as described previously (de Luze et al, 1993) with the following modifications. A 0.5-l aliquot containing expression constructs was injected into the fifth and sixth myomeres from the base of a tail, and the electric square pulses were applied to the injected site for the loading period of 200 msec/pulse at 9 V/2 mm three (stage 54 -56) or five times (stage 57-61) in a few seconds (Muramatsu et al, 1997). Administration of the electric pulse enhanced the expression of the injected gene (data not shown).…”

<em>In ovo</em> Expression of MicroRNA in Ventral Chick Midbrain

“…Rectangular electric pulses of low voltage can introduce DNA into cells of the chick neural tube in ovo 6,16 . However, the accuracy of DNA targeting is often hindered by the wide electric field, which rises through the relatively large electrodes (Φ = 0.5 mm).…”

“…This video demonstrates the different steps of performing ectopic expression of miRs in specific areas of the chick midbrain using in ovo electroporation [6][7][8][9][10] . To ensure a long lasting effect of these small non-coding RNAs in cells, the DNA sequence of miRs were cloned into monoor bi-cistronic vectors.…”

“…The opening in the eggshell is closed with tape and embryos are incubated for as long as required for any analysis. This method was originally described by Muramatsu et al 6 and improved by Momose et al 8 for specific area transfection.…”

Electrically mediated plasmid DNA delivery to hepatocellular carcinomas in vivo

“…8,9 Electrically enhanced in vivo plasmid gene delivery to mouse skin cells was first demonstrated in 1991 10 and is more effective than liposome delivery or particle bombardment. 11 This method has recently been used to deliver reporter genes in vivo to normal rat hepatocytes, 12,13 rat brain tumor cells, 14 mouse testes, 15 mouse melanoma cells, 16 and skeletal muscle. [17][18][19] A previous study by this laboratory demonstrated in vivo gene delivery to normal liver tissue using electroporation.…”