Comparison of titania, zirconia, and silica stationary phases for separating diesel fuels according to hydrocarbon group-type by supercritical fluid chromatography

Paproski, Richard E.; Cooley, Jean; Lucy, Charles A.

doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2005.07.124

Cited by 15 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The experimental conditions have been described previously. 22 Briefly, a Hewlett-Packard (now Agilent, Palo Alto, CA, USA) SFC system pumped SFC grade (.99.995%, ,3 ppm water content) carbon dioxide (Air Liquide, Montreal, QC, Canada) through the test columns at flow rates from 1 up to 5 ml min 21 and downstream pressures from 100 to 150 bar. The three test columns studied were: a 100 6 4.6 mm, 3 mm, 60 A ˚bare silica Lichrospher Si 60 packed column (Thermo Electron, Waltham, MA, USA); a 50 6 4.6 mm, 3 mm, 60 A ˚bare titania Sachtopore-NP packed column (Zirchrom, Anoka, MN, USA) coupled to the Lichrospher column; and a 100 6 4.6 mm, 2 mm macropores, 130 A ˚mesopores bare silica Chromolith Si monolithic column (Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany).…”

Section: Experimental Apparatusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Twenty model compounds (.97% purity) described elsewhere 22 were studied on each test column. Those discussed here include: tetralin (Sigma-Aldrich Canada Ltd., Oakville, ON, Canada), naphthalene (Fisher Scientific, Nepean, ON, Canada), 9,10-dihydroanthracene (Acros Organics, Morris Plains, NJ, USA), dibenzothiophene (Acros Organics), phenanthrene (Sigma-Aldrich), anthracene (Fisher Scientific), pyrene (Sigma-Aldrich), and 2-naphthalenethiol (Acros Organics).…”

Section: Standards and Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is typical for conventional bare silica columns while titania-silica coupled columns cleanly separate di-and triaromatic model compounds. 22 On the titania-Lichrospher coupled column, the mid-point between the dibenzothiophene and phenanthrene peaks was used (1.95 min). On the Lichrospher column the tri-and polyaromatic cut point was 0.92 min based on the mid-point between the phenanthrene and pyrene peaks.…”

Section: Cut Points For Group-type Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our previous work demonstrated that coupling a 15 cm column of 3 mm bare titania in series with a conventional 25 cm column of 5 mm bare silica greatly increased group-type resolutions, especially between the di-and triaromatic model compounds. 22 However, this coupled column increased the separation time for a commercial diesel sample from 10 min to 40 min.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…32 Both approaches are studied with an emphasis on determining what factors are limiting resolution at high flow rates. Previously characterized diesel samples 22 of increasing boiling range and PAH content are studied to determine whether increasing the speed of the analysis affects the quantitative diesel group-type results.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fast supercritical fluid chromatography hydrocarbon group-type separations of diesel fuels using packed and monolithic columns

Paproski

Cooley

Lucy

2006

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Two approaches for decreasing diesel hydrocarbon group-type separation times by normal phase supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) are compared. Short (10-15 cm) columns with small 3 microm diameter packing are compared with monolithic Chromolith bare silica columns under high carbon dioxide flow rates approaching 5 ml min(-1). Elution times are reduced up to 13-fold on a 10 cm Chromolith column and 7-fold on the short packed columns compared with conventional length columns run at typical flow rates. Short packed columns, with their higher surface area and retention characteristics, offer higher resolutions compared with Chromolith columns. Diesel samples are separated into saturates, mono-, di-, tri-, and polyaromatics in as little as 2 min on a 10 cm packed silica column. Diesel group-type results on a 15 cm titania-silica coupled column compare favorably with results from longer columns.

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Section: Experimental Apparatusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Standards and Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cut Points For Group-type Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Fast supercritical fluid chromatography hydrocarbon group-type separations of diesel fuels using packed and monolithic columns

Paproski

Cooley

Lucy

2006

Analyst

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Columns in analytical‐scale supercritical fluid chromatography: From traditional to unconventional chemistries

Plachká

Pilařová

Horáček

et al. 2023

J of Separation Science

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Within this review, we thoroughly explored supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) columns used across > 3000 papers published from the first study carried out under SFC conditions in 1962 to the end of 2022. We focused on the open tubular capillary, packed capillary, and packed columns, their chemistries, dimensions, and trends in used stationary phases with correlation to their specific interactions, advantages, drawbacks, used instrumentation, and application field. Since the 1990s, packed columns with liquid chromatography and SFC‐dedicated stationary phases for chiral and achiral separation are predominantly used. These stationary phases are based on silica support modified with a wide range of chemical moieties. Moreover, numerous unconventional stationary phases were evaluated, including porous graphitic carbon, titania, zirconia, alumina, liquid crystals, and ionic liquids. The applications of unconventional stationary phases are described in detail as they bring essential findings required for further development of the supercritical fluid chromatography technique.

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Rapid assessment of total and polycyclic aromatic contents in heavy oils

Luna

Filho

Trindade

et al. 2016

Environ Monit Assess

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The monitoring of the content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is important for evaluating heavy oil products, especially those most likely to cause environmental impacts. In this study, a comparison between samples of heavy petroleum fractions, using different methods, was carried out. The calculation of carbon distribution and polycyclic aromatic contents was compared with other methods using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Therefore, it was possible to quickly estimate the aromatic content by the FTIR method, and the results showed consistency with those obtained through traditional methods. A rapid method, using extraction with dimethyl sulfoxide followed by FTIR measurements, was proposed and shown as particularly useful and reliable for a quick quantification of the PAH content, when compared to the traditional IP 346 method. Furthermore, the difference in total aromatic and PAH concentrations may be more clearly established. This rapid method may be used for the evaluation of PAH content in samples obtained from studies for their removal from complex heavy oil fractions.

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Comparison of titania, zirconia, and silica stationary phases for separating diesel fuels according to hydrocarbon group-type by supercritical fluid chromatography

Cited by 15 publications

References 36 publications

Fast supercritical fluid chromatography hydrocarbon group-type separations of diesel fuels using packed and monolithic columns

Fast supercritical fluid chromatography hydrocarbon group-type separations of diesel fuels using packed and monolithic columns

Columns in analytical‐scale supercritical fluid chromatography: From traditional to unconventional chemistries

Rapid assessment of total and polycyclic aromatic contents in heavy oils

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