Comparison of Topical Anti-ischemic Agents in the Salvage of Failing Random-Pattern Skin Flaps in Rats

Davis, Richard E.; Wachholz, Jeffrey H.; Jassir, David; Perlyn, Chad A.; Agrama, Mark

doi:10.1001/archfaci.1.1.27

Cited by 89 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…S kin flaps are used largely in all fields of plastic surgery, especially in reconstruction (1). The main and most feared complication for plastic surgeons in the creation of the flap is ischemia that develops to tissue necrosis in a large number of cases and causes a failure in the proposed treatment (2,3). Due to that complication, a considerable amount of research has been done with the aim of improving the blood flow in flaps, decreasing ischemic conditions and preventing necrosis (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9).…”

Section: Abstract: Electrical Stimulation; Flaps; Rats; Viabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the literature, there have been publications about several types of drugs, such as vasodilators, calcium channel blockers, prostaglandin inhibitors, anticoagulants, antiadrenergics and antioxidants (3,(10)(11)(12). Unfortunately, many of those drugs present undesirable adverse effects, which makes their use in clinical practice unviable (3,6).…”

Section: Abstract: Electrical Stimulation; Flaps; Rats; Viabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unfortunately, many of those drugs present undesirable adverse effects, which makes their use in clinical practice unviable (3,6). Therefore, a new research field using nonpharmacological agents such as acupuncture and electroacupuncture (13,14), pulsed electromagnetic energy (15), low-power lasers (16)(17)(18), monophasic electrical currents (6,7,19) and biphasic electrical currents (8,14,20) has emerged.…”

Section: Abstract: Electrical Stimulation; Flaps; Rats; Viabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on the viability of random skin flaps in rats

2002

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The aim of this study was to determine the role of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) in the viability of random skin flaps. In 30 Wistar-EPM rats, a random 10×4 cm skin flap was raised and a plastic barrier was interposed between the flap and its bed. Immediately after surgery and for two subsequent days, the rats in group 1 (the control group) were anesthetized for 1 h with the electrodes positioned in the base of the flap and without the administration of the electric stimulus. The rats in group 2 (the treatment group) were submitted to TENS for 1 h immediately after the surgery and for two subsequent days. The percentage of necrotic area (averages of 43.11% in the rats in group 1 and 23.52% in the rats in group 2) was calculated on the seventh postoperative day in both groups. Statistical analysis proved that TENS was more efficient in increasing random skin flap viability than was the method used in the control group.Key Words: Electrical stimulation; Flaps; Rats; Viability Effet de la neurostimulation transcutanée sur la viabilité de lambeaux cutanés choisis au hasard chez des rats RÉSUMÉ : L'étude visait à déterminer le rôle de la neurostimulation transcutanée dans la viabilité de lambeaux cutanés choisis au hasard. Nous avons d'abord soulevé un lambeau cutané de 10 cm sur 4 cm chez 30 rats Wistar-EPM, puis inséré une pellicule de plastique entre le lambeau et son lit. Immédiatement après l'intervention et pendant les deux jours qui ont suivi, nous avons anesthésié les rats du groupe 1 (groupe témoin) pendant une heure et posé des électrodes à la base du lambeau sans toutefois procéder à l'électrostimulation, tandis que nous avons soumis les rats du groupe 2 (groupe expérimental) à la neurostimulation transcutanée pendant une heure. Sept jours après l'intervention, nous avons calculé le pourcentage de zones nécrosées dans les deux groupes (moyennes de 43,11 % chez les rats du groupe 1 et de 23,52 % chez les rats du groupe 2). D'après l'analyse statistique, la neurostimulation transcutanée s'est avérée plus efficace que la méthode utilisée dans le groupe témoin pour accroître la viabilité des lambeaux cutanés choisis au hasard.

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Section: Abstract: Electrical Stimulation; Flaps; Rats; Viabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Abstract: Electrical Stimulation; Flaps; Rats; Viabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Abstract: Electrical Stimulation; Flaps; Rats; Viabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on the viability of random skin flaps in rats

2002

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“…Before the surgery, 60 mg/kg intramuscular injection of cephazoline was used as prophylactic antibiotic (4). Depth of anesthesia was confirmed by the pinch flexion/withdrawal test (10). Caudally based 11 × 3 cm sized dorsal flaps (as described by McFarlane et al) (11) were raised under sterile conditions.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing the Effect of Hirudoid on Random Skin Flap Survival in Rats Based on Different Application Times

Nikoumaram¹,

Fatemi²,

Taghavi³

et al. 2016

Trauma Mon

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Objectives: The objective of the present study was to compare the use of Hirudoid immediately after surgery with its use 6 hours post-operatively when probable thrombosis was formed but tissue damage was still reversible. Methods:After preparing 3 × 11 cm dorsal flap in all rats, one group of 8 rats received Hirudoid topically immediately after surgery during 9 post-operative days. Another group received it 6 h after surgery during 9 post-operative days. The control group received Vaseline immediately after surgery on a daily basis during 9 post-operative days. Results:The mean area of flap survival in the control group was 8.75 ± 3.32 cm 2 (mean ± SD) and it was 12.38±1.93 cm 2 and 14.36 ± 3.51 cm 2 in Hirudoid immediately after surgery and 6 hours after surgery groups, respectively. Conclusions:It was found that Hirudoid can be effective in improving flap viability; although its effect was not statistically significant when used immediately after surgery (P > 0.05), it significantly increased flap survival when used 6 h after surgery (P = 0.003).

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“…Among the intrinsic factors, the best known is the inadequate vascular perfusion of the flap 1,2 . In many studies, drugs such as antiadrenergics 3,4 , vasodilators 5,6 , antispasmodics 7 , anticoagulants and calcium-channel blockers 8 have been used to improve flap viability. However, undesirable side effects, high drug prices, restricted availability or the need for a long-term treatment during the preoperative period make some drugs impractical for clinical use 8 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Capsaicin on the viability of random-pattern skin flaps in rats

et al. 2010

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Purpose:To evaluate the effects of capsaicin on the viability of ischemic random-pattern skin flaps in rats. Methods: Forty EPM1-Wistar rats were randomized into two groups of 20 animals each, the capsaicin group and the control group. A random-pattern skin flap measuring 10 x 4cm was raised and a plastic barrier was placed between the flap and the donor site. After the surgical procedure, the control group was treated with an inert vehicle in the form of a cream applied uniformly to a rayon bandage which, in turn, was applied to the surface of the skin flap. The capsaicin group was treated in the same way, but in this case capsaicin was added to the cream. This procedure was repeated for two consecutive days. Results: There was a significantly smaller amount of flap necrosis in the capsaicin group (35.07%) than in the control group (44.75%) (p=0.035). Conclusion: Topical administration of capsaicin improved the viability of ischemic random-pattern skin flaps in rats. Key words: Capsaicin. Surgical Flaps. Neuropeptides. Necrosis. Rats. RESUMOObjetivo: Avaliar os efeitos da capsaicina na viabilidade de retalhos isquêmicos randômicos em ratos. Métodos: Quarenta ratos EPM1-Wistar foram distribuídos ao acaso em dois grupos de 20 animais cada, um grupo capsaicina e um grupo controle. Um retalho isquêmico randômico medindo 10 x 4cm foi elevado e uma barreira plástica foi colocada entre o retalho e a área doadora. Após o procedimento cirúrgico, o grupo controle foi tratado com um veículo inerte sob a forma creme aplicado uniformemente sobre uma atadura de rayon, que, por sua vez, foi aplicada à superfície do retalho. O grupo capsaicina foi tratado da mesma forma, porém a capsaicina foi adicionada ao creme. Este procedimento foi repetido por dois dias consecutivos. Resultados: Houve uma quantidade significativamente menor da necrose do retalho no grupo capsaicina (35,07%) comparado ao grupo controle (44,75%) (p=0,035). Conclusão: A administração tópica da capsaicina melhorou a viabilidade de retalhos isquêmicos randômicos em ratos.

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Comparison of Topical Anti-ischemic Agents in the Salvage of Failing Random-Pattern Skin Flaps in Rats

Abstract: To determine the efficacy of topical antiischemic drug therapy in the salvage of failing, randompattern skin flaps.

Cited by 89 publications

References 31 publications

The effect of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on the viability of random skin flaps in rats

The effect of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on the viability of random skin flaps in rats

Comparing the Effect of Hirudoid on Random Skin Flap Survival in Rats Based on Different Application Times

Capsaicin on the viability of random-pattern skin flaps in rats

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