Comparison of Toxicities to Vibrio fischeri and Fish Based on Discrimination of Excess Toxicity from Baseline Level

Abstract

Investigations on the relationship of toxicities between species play an important role in the understanding of toxic mechanisms to environmental organisms. In this paper, the toxicity data of 949 chemicals to fish and 1470 chemicals to V. fischeri were used to investigate the modes of action (MOAs) between species. The results show that although there is a positive interspecies correlation, the relationship is poor. Analysis on the excess toxicity calculated from toxic ratios (TR) shows that many chemicals have close toxicities and share the same MOAs between the two species. Linear relationships between the toxicities and octanol/water partition coefficient (log KOW) for baseline and less inert compounds indicate that the internal critical concentrations (CBRs) approach a constant both to fish and V. fischeri for neutral hydrophobic compounds. These compounds share the same toxic mechanisms and bio-uptake processes between species. On the other hand, some hydrophilic compounds exhibit different toxic effects with greatly different log TR values between V. fischeri and fish species. These hydrophilic compounds were identified as reactive MOAs to V. fischeri, but not to fish. The interspecies correlation is improved by adding a hydrophobic descriptor into the correlation equation. This indicates that the differences in the toxic ratios between fish and V. fischeri for these hydrophilic compounds can be partly attributed to the differences of bioconcentration between the two species, rather than the differences of reactivity with the target macromolecules. These hydrophilic compounds may more easily pass through the cell membrane of V. fischeri than the gill and skin of fish, react with the target macromolecules and exhibit excess toxicity. The compounds with log KOW > 7 exhibiting very low toxicity (log TR < –1) to both species indicate that the bioconcentration potential of a chemical plays a very important role in the identification of excess toxicity and MOAs.

Sonochemical degradation of antibiotics from representative classes-Considerations on structural effects, initial transformation products, antimicrobial activity and matrix

“…Other important factor to be considered during treatment of water pollutants is toxicity changes. Recently, it was demonstrated the direct relationship between Log P and aquatic toxicity [39]. Indeed, widely used toxicity prediction tools such as ECOSAR, ADMET, CADRE-AT, KATE or TEST rely on octanol-water partition coefficient [40].…”

Combined Toxicity of Nitro-Substituted Benzenes and Zinc to Photobacterium Phosphoreum: Evaluation and QSAR Analysis

“…It is obviously that the risks of chemical pollutants are mostly evaluated on the single toxicity value of a chemical and the adverse effects or single actions of chemicals have received extensive attention [1,2,3,4]. Although it is crucial to identify and characterize harmful effects from pollutants on different organisms, it is incontestable that those results are not enough to tell what happens in the real environment [5].…”

Evaluation of process influencing factors, degradation products, toxicity evolution and matrix-related effects during electro-Fenton removal of piroxicam from waters

“…In addition to the short-chain carboxylic acids determination, the evolution of the toxicity of piroxicam solution treated by the EF process was also assessed by Microtox® method [35]. Fig.…”