Comparison of Transition Metals in the Graft Copolymerization of Vinyl Monomers onto Starch

Abstract

The ability to graft acrylonitrile (AN) onto starch initiated by various transition metals such as Mn(VII), Cr(VI), V(V) and Fe(II1) were compared in the existence of sulfuric acid in different concentrations. The results showed that the grafting potential of Fe(II1) is the lowest, while Mn(VI1) is the highest of these transition metals discussed. The catalyzing ability of varieties of acids, including perchloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid and hydrochloric acid, in the graft copolymerization of acrylonitrile onto starch was studied; and the graft ability of monomers such as acrylaniide (AM), acrylic acid (AA) and methyl methacrylate (MMA), was compared. The experimental data indicates that the catalytic abilities of acids are related to their capability of providing protons. The granuluar structure of starch and it's graft copolymer were investigated with scanning electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravietry. 483

Grafting of 2-(Dimethylamino)ethyl Methacrylate onto Potato Starch Using Potassium Permanganate/Sulfuric Acid Initiation System

“…Nowadays, various monomers have been used to modify the properties of starch by graft copolymerization using radiation [1] or photolysis [2], or in the presence of metallic ions [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14], peroxides [15,16] or persulfate [17]. It was and still is the subject of numerous publications.…”

Grafting Starch with Acrylic Acid and Fenton’s Initiator: The Selectivity Challenge

“…Cerium(IV) ammonium nitrate (CAN) is used in many graft research projects [ 1 , 2 , 4 ]. Other examples include manganese or other transition metal ion systems [ 14 ]. The reaction mechanism of cerium(IV) initiation via the formation of an intermediate complex with starch is clearly described in many literature sources, e.g., [ 1 , 3 , 4 ].…”