Comparison of two commercial rapid in-clinic serological tests for detection of antibodies against <i>Leishmania</i> spp. in dogs

Athanasiou, Labrini V.; Petanides, Theodoros; Chatzis, Manolis K.; Kasabalis, D.; Apostolidis, Kosmas; Saridomichelakis, M. N.

doi:10.1177/1040638714523614

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…In twenty dogs, the results of qualitative RIT tests were not confirmed by quantitative serological tests due to economic restrictions. Although RIT based assays are easy to use and provide rapid results, the performance is still not optimal [ 25 , 64 , 65 ]. Furthermore, in these cases, failure to determine the level of antibodies compromises continued patient management.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prognostic Factors and Life Expectancy in Canine Leishmaniosis

Pereira

Santos

Oliveira

et al. 2020

Veterinary Sciences

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Canine leishmaniosis (CanL) is a chronic and potentially fatal disease. The prognosis of CanL depends on the severity of the clinical signs and clinicopathological abnormalities presented by the dog at the time of diagnosis. This study aims to estimate the survival time of dogs with CanL, determining the prognostic value of different clinical and clinicopathological parameters. Medical records of 99 dogs diagnosed with CanL in five veterinary centers of the Alentejo region (Portugal) were examined retrospectively. The majority of dogs presented hyperproteinemia, moderate normocytic normochromic anemia, normal blood urea and creatinine levels and were classified as stage 1 according to the International Interest Society (IRIS) guidelines at the time of diagnosis. The severity of anemia, presence of concomitant infectious diseases at the time of diagnosis and the anti-Leishmania therapy were correlated with the survival time. The influence of renal dysfunction was evaluated by Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve and survival analysis. Survival analysis demonstrated that patients classified as IRIS 1 at the time of diagnosis survived more than four years, in contrast with dogs classified as IRIS 2 that survived around two and half years and dogs classified as IRIS 3–4 that survived around one month. IRIS stage deteriorated during the course of CanL in one third of the dogs and was the principal cause of death or euthanasia in a high proportion of animals. In some cases, dogs did not receive anti-Leishmania treatment or abandoned the veterinary follow-ups, which may have considerable repercussions for animal wellbeing and public health. This study reinforces the value of blood urea and creatinine levels as prognostic factors in CanL.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prognostic Factors and Life Expectancy in Canine Leishmaniosis

Pereira

Santos

Oliveira

et al. 2020

Veterinary Sciences

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“…So, with a 96% Se and a 98% Sp, the indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) is one of the most suitable diagnostic tests. Despite the fact that IFAT is not a perfect test, it is frequently used as a reference test for the relative validation of new diagnostic methods [ 27 – 32 ] and to estimate the true CanL prevalence [ 33 – 35 ]. To assess the reliability of a new test in comparison with IFAT, the kappa coefficient is often utilized (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Immunofluorescence Antibody Test Used for the Diagnosis of Canine Leishmaniasis in the Mediterranean Basin: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

et al. 2016

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With an expected sensitivity (Se) of 96% and specificity (Sp) of 98%, the immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT) is frequently used as a reference test to validate new diagnostic methods and estimate the canine leihmaniasis (CanL) true prevalence in the Mediterranean basin. To review the diagnostic accuracy of IFAT to diagnose CanL in this area with reference to its Se and Sp and elucidate the potential causes of their variations, a systematic review was conducted (31 studies for the 26-year period). Three IFAT validation methods stood out: the classical contingency table method, methods based on statistical models and those based on experimental studies. A variation in the IFAT Se and Sp values and cut-off values was observed. For the classical validation method based on a meta-analysis, the Se of IFAT was estimated in this area as 89.86% and 31.25% in symptomatic and asymptomatic dogs, respectively. The Sp of IFAT was estimated in non-endemic and endemic areas as 98.12% and 96.57%, respectively. IFAT can be considered as a good standard test in non-endemic areas for CanL, but its accuracy declines in endemic areas due to the complexity of the disease. Indeed, the accuracy of IFAT is due to the negative results obtained in non-infected dogs from non-endemic areas and to the positive results obtained in sera of symptomatic dogs living in endemic areas. But IFAT results are not unequivocal when it comes to determining CanL infection on asymptomatic dogs living in endemic areas. Statistical methods might be a solution to overcome the lack of gold standard, to better categorize groups of animals investigated, to assess optimal cut-off values and to allow a better estimate of the true prevalence aiming information on preventive/control measures for CanL.

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“…Dogs show nonspecific clinical manifestations of disease and the presence of clinically normal, but infected, dogs makes detection of antibodies important—not only to confirm disease but also to identify asymptomatic, infected dogs that can transmit the parasite . Serologic tests represent an important component in CL diagnosis.…”

Section: Comparison Of the Anigen Rapid Leishmania Ab Test With Immunmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Serologic tests represent an important component in CL diagnosis. The immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT) and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) are the most commonly used tests, both for epidemiologic studies and in clinical practice . These tests are time‐consuming and can only be performed in specialized diagnostic laboratories.…”

Section: Comparison Of the Anigen Rapid Leishmania Ab Test With Immunmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of a rapid immunochromatographic assay with an immunofluorescent antibody test for detection of Leishmania infantum antibodies in dogs

Proverbio

Spada

Perego

et al. 2016

Veterinary Clinical Pathol

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Comparison of two commercial rapid in-clinic serological tests for detection of antibodies against Leishmania spp. in dogs

Cited by 16 publications

References 24 publications

Prognostic Factors and Life Expectancy in Canine Leishmaniosis

Prognostic Factors and Life Expectancy in Canine Leishmaniosis

Evaluation of Immunofluorescence Antibody Test Used for the Diagnosis of Canine Leishmaniasis in the Mediterranean Basin: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Comparison of a rapid immunochromatographic assay with an immunofluorescent antibody test for detection of Leishmania infantum antibodies in dogs

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