Comparison of Two Diverse Populations, British Columbia, Canada, and Ardabil, Iran, Indicates Several Variables Associated with Gastric and Esophageal Cancer Survival

Abstract

BackgroundGeographic variation and temporal trends in the epidemiology of esophageal and gastric cancers vary according to both tumor morphology and organ subsite. This study compares 1-year survival of gastric and esophageal cancers between two distinct populations: British Columbia (BC), Canada, and Ardabil, Iran.MethodsData for invasive primary esophageal and gastric cancer patients were obtained from the population-based cancer registries for BC and Ardabil. The relative survival rate was calculated using WHO Statistical Information System (WHOSIS) life-tables for each country. Chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests were used to compare survival differences between BC and Ardabil. T-tests, chi-square tests, and Fisher’s exact test were used to compare patient characteristics and tumor factors between the populations.ResultsThe overall 1-year age-standardized relative survivals for gastric cancer were 48% and 21% in BC and Ardabil, respectively (p < 0.01). The overall 1-year age-standardized relative survival for esophageal cancer was 33% and 17% in BC and Ardabil, respectively (p < 0.05). Overall and separately for each gender, age group, tumor location, and histology, there was greater 1-year survival of the gastric cancer patients in BC compared to Ardabil. For esophageal cancer; patients under age 65, patients with tumors in the middle or upper third of esophagus, and patients with squamous cell carcinoma had significantly better survival in BC than in Ardabil.ConclusionFindings of this study point to differences in disease characteristics and patient factors, not solely differences in healthcare systems, as being responsible for the survival difference in these populations.

The prognostic effect of ethnicity for gastric and esophageal cancer: the population-based experience in British Columbia, Canada

“…In addition, for studies of esophageal cancer, the location of tumors also showed differences in survival. Tumors in the middle 1/3 of the esophagus show worse survival in Turkey and Ardabil (Iran) [ 30 , 31 ], but tumors in the lower 1/3 of the esophagus are reported to have worse survival in BC and the United States[ 21 , 32 ].…”

Structural characterization and biological properties of human gastrokine 1

“…Despite advances in conventional therapies, the survival rate of patients with GC up to 5 years is poor (o30%), thus GC accounts for the fourth most commonly diagnosed cancer and the second most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide. 3 The etiology of GC is multifactorial including environmental, genetic and infectious factors. 2,[4][5][6] Multiple evidence demonstrated the important role of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in the development of GC.…”

Comparative study and meta-analysis of meta-analysis studies for the correlation of genomic markers with early cancer detection

“…In addition for TP53 gene, we have observed in the results of our meta-analysis that it is associated with BC, UBC, CRC, EC and LC [80-87,96-100,104-108,111-113,149]. We have observed also that TP53 gene might be associated with OC [88,148], too.…”