Comparison of two ear cytological collection techniques in dogs with otitis externa

Choi, Nellie; Edginton, Heather D.; Griffin, Craig E.; Angus, John C.

doi:10.1111/vde.12664

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Cytology using swabs of lesions rolled onto glass slides is normally best restricted to use in the ear canal, as the yield of squames and yeast from the skin is inferior to that obtained by tape strips and dry scrapes (Bond and Sant, 1993;White et al, 1998;Bensignor and Carlotti, 1999). In a recent randomized, blinded prospective study of 30 dogs with otitis externa, cytological specimens obtained using a conventional cotton-tipped swab contained comparable numbers of yeasts and bacteria, but fewer inflammatory cells, when compared with samples prepared by aspiration of material from the horizontal canal with a soft rubber feeding tube (Choi et al, 2018). In an effort to improve upon the sensitivity of cytological sampling for M. pachydermatis in the canine ear, Puig et al have developed a quantitative PCR method based on amplification of the single copy ß-tubulin gene (Puig et al, 2019).…”

Section: Diagnostic Approach In the Veterinary Clinicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Malassezia Yeasts in Veterinary Dermatology: An Updated Overview

Guillot

Bond

2020

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Lipophilic yeasts of the genus Malassezia are important skin commensals and opportunistic skin pathogens in a variety of animals. The species M. pachydermatis was first isolated from the skin of a captive Indian rhinoceros with an exfoliative dermatitis in 1925, recognized as an important otic pathogen of dogs in the 1950's, and finally accepted, after several years of controversy, as a common cause of canine dermatitis in the 1990's. Since then, there has been considerable research into the biology of Malassezia yeasts and their interaction with their animal hosts. In dogs and cats, M. pachydermatis is associated with ceruminous otitis externa and a "seborrhoeic" dermatitis, wherein pruritic, erythematous skin lesions, often with brown/black greasy, malodourous material matting hairs, preferentially develop in intertriginous areas. Skin disease is favored by folds, underlying hypersensitivity disorders, endocrinopathies, defects of cornification, and in cats, various visceral paraneoplastic syndromes. Diagnosis is based on detecting the yeast in compatible skin lesions, usually by cytology, and observing a clinical and mycological response to therapy. Treatment normally comprises topical or systemic azole therapy, often with miconazole-chlorhexidine shampoos or oral itraconazole or ketoconazole. Management of concurrent diseases is important to minimize relapses. Historically, wild-type Malassezia isolates from dogs and cats were typically susceptible to azoles, with the exception of fluconazole, but emerging azole resistance in field strains has recently been associated with either mutations or quadruplication of the ERG11 gene. These observations have prompted increased interest in alternative topical antifungal drugs, such as chlorhexidine, and various essential oils. Further clinical trials are awaited with interest.

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Section: Diagnostic Approach In the Veterinary Clinicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Malassezia Yeasts in Veterinary Dermatology: An Updated Overview

Guillot

Bond

2020

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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“…The entire MW slide was scanned under low power objective (×4) to select highly cellular areas of basophilic staining, inflammatory cells and/or nuclear streaming for evaluation under oil immersion objective (×100). If such areas were not present, areas with keratinocytes or generalised basophilic debris were selected instead 52,53 . For PAS slides, highly cellular, purple or magenta staining areas were selected, and if these were not present, areas with generalised purple debris were chosen 4,32,37,54 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If such areas were not present, areas with keratinocytes or generalised basophilic debris were selected instead. 52,53 For PAS slides, highly cellular, purple or magenta staining areas were selected, and if these were not present, areas with generalised purple debris were chosen. 4,32,37,54 The slide was read either until all features were positively identified, or until the entire slide had been analysed.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the use of paired modified Wright’s and periodic acid Schiff stains to identify microbial aggregates on cytological smears of dogs with microbial otitis externa and suspected biofilm

Parnell-Turner¹,

Griffin²,

Rosenkrantz³

et al. 2021

Veterinary Dermatology

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Background Micro‐organisms associated with canine otitis externa (OE) may cause biofilm‐associated infections (BAI). A key component of biofilm is microbial aggregate and extracellular polymeric substance (EPS). Periodic acid Schiff (PAS) can stain polysaccharide EPS in human otitis media with effusion, but this has not been tested in canine OE. There is no cytological definition for microbial aggregate, and definitive methods for identifying BAI in a clinical setting in canine OE have not been defined. Objectives To establish whether PAS stain can identify polysaccharide matrix on cytological smears; and to determine the reproducibility of identification of microbial aggregates within a discrete area of stained matrix, using paired modified Wright’s and PAS‐stained smears. Animals Forty privately‐owned dogs presenting to a dermatological referral practice. Methods and materials In this prospective, cross‐sectional study, three investigators independently and blindly classified 40 paired modified Wright’s–PAS slide sets into groups: aggregate‐associated infection (AAI) and non‐AAI (n = 27); and control (n = 13). Agreement between investigators for presence of AAI was measured using Fleiss’ kappa statistic (FK). Agreement between investigators and dermatologists for presence of AAI upon cytological evaluation, and suspected BAI based on clinical examination, was measured using Cohen’s kappa statistic. Results The matrix was confirmed to stain PAS‐positive. Interinvestigator agreement for AAI was very good using PAS (0.82 FK) and fair using modified‐Wright’s (MW) (0.33 FK). Reproducible cytological features associated with AAI were the presence of: three or more distinct aggregates (0.76 FK); discrete areas of PAS‐positive matrix (0.70 FK); and the presence of high‐density material (0.70 FK) using PAS stain. Conclusion PAS can stain the extracellular matrix on otic smears, and a novel protocol for reproducible identification of cytological features such as microbial aggregates has been established.

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“…Influenza, a single-stranded RNA virus of the Orthomyxoviridae family that can affect human and animal populations, frequently causes acute respiratory tract infections (1). Although difficult to assess, it is estimated to generate more than 1 billion yearly cases, including severe disease (2).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of the frequency of influenza-A and B antigens in swab samples in differentiating the diagnosis of influenza infection from other causes of upper respiratory tract infection

SAĞLIK

2023

Journal of Health Sciences and Medicine

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Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the frequency of influenza-A and B antigens in swab samples and to examine their potential changes at the time of initial diagnosis in differentiating the diagnosis of influenza infection from other causes of upper respiratory tract infection by physical examination and clinical vital signs in the emergency room. Materials and Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional descriptive research analyzed 113 patients with Influensa-A (n:8 and B (n:15) over the age of 18 who applied to the emergency department in the last three years, were diagnosed with acute upper respiratory tract and underwent nasopharyngeal swab sampling were included in the study. The data of the patients were accessed digitally from the University hospital database. Results: Verbal dysphagia scores (p0.05). White blood cells in blood count parameters were lower in the influenza test-positive group (p0.05). Conclusion: Influenza infections should be examined in detail regarding costs to public health and social security institutions, considering the burdens of diagnosis and treatment on the patient and society.

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Comparison of two ear cytological collection techniques in dogs with otitis externa

Abstract: An alternative ear cytological collection technique was identified which enables sampling of the deep horizontal canal.

Cited by 9 publications

References 16 publications

Malassezia Yeasts in Veterinary Dermatology: An Updated Overview

Malassezia Yeasts in Veterinary Dermatology: An Updated Overview

Evaluation of the use of paired modified Wright’s and periodic acid Schiff stains to identify microbial aggregates on cytological smears of dogs with microbial otitis externa and suspected biofilm

Determination of the frequency of influenza-A and B antigens in swab samples in differentiating the diagnosis of influenza infection from other causes of upper respiratory tract infection

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