Comparison of two techniques used for the recovery of nematode infective larvae from pasture

Gettinby, G.; McKellar, Quintin; Bairden, K.; Theodoridis, Y.; Whitelaw, A

doi:10.1016/s0034-5288(18)31781-8

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…This confirms the observations of Graham, Harris & Ollerenshaw 1984), for pastures on Anglesey. Bearing in mind inherent under-estimations due to the sampling technique (Gettinby et al 1985), it is clear that there is a constant' pool' of infective stages present on the pasture. Peaks in the number of infective larvae on pasture were seen in late April or May, with some inter-site temporal variation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The epidemiology of Nematodirus battus – is it changing?

Thomas

1991

Parasitology

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Natural populations of 3rd-stage Nematodirus battus larvae were present on pastures in North Wales throughout the year; highest numbers were present in late spring, with smaller peaks occurring in autumn. Inter-site variation was observed in the timing and magnitude of these peaks. Hatching on experimental plots occurred 2 months to 2 years following deposition of eggs. Intraspecfic and inter-site variation occurred in the timing, and inter-site variation occurred in the magnitude, of the mass hatch on upland and lowland experimental plots. Arrested 4th-stage N. battus were recovered from Welsh Mountain lambs. Percentage arrest and number of arrested worms was greatest during winter and early spring. The prevalence and intensity of N. battus infection in 1-, 2- and 3-year-old Welsh Mountain ewes was low. The plasticity exhibited in the parasite's life-history is discussed in relation to potential changes in the epidemiology of nematodiriasis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The epidemiology of Nematodirus battus – is it changing?

Thomas

1991

Parasitology

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“…The options include reduced deposition of eggs, reduced larval development and survival as well as provision of clean pasture. One area of concern in the development of grazing management schemes is that the methods available to count the number of eggs in faeces and to determine the number of infective larvae on pasture are somewhat inaccurate and rather imprecise (Gettinby et al 1985 ;Stear et al 1996).…”

Section: G R a Z I N G M A N A G E M E N Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alternatives to anthelmintics for the control of nematodes in livestock

2006

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Efficient and welfare-friendly livestock production demands the control of nematode infection. Current control measures rely upon anthelmintic treatment but are threatened by the widespread evolution of drug-resistance in parasite populations. Several methods have been advocated to control nematodes without relying on effective anthelmintics. These include grazing management, biological control, nutritional supplementation, vaccination, and genetic approaches. Each method has its advantages and disadvantages. There are several grazing management schemes that can reduce the severity of infection but they are insufficient on their own to control infection. Biological control includes the use of predatory fungi to control nematode populations and the use of pasture species that can reduce the intensity of infection. Fungi can control nematodes but the current requirement for daily feeding means that this approach will be most useful for animals that are handled daily. Feeding supplementary protein can control nematode infection. The method is simple but can be expensive and may not be cost-effective for some marginal enterprises. Genetic approaches include the use of resistant breeds and selective breeding. Some breeds will thrive in conditions that kill animals from other breeds but substitution of resistant breeds is not always feasible. Selective breeding is effective and inexpensive but requires a high level of expertise. The most appropriate method or set of methods to minimize the adverse consequences of nematode infection may vary among farms.

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“…Reliable results depend on the use of methodologies that allow for a precise quantification of the number of L3 in the pasture. Several techniques exist for the recovery of L3 from the pasture, as the use of animals with an esophageal fistula (GETTINBY et al, 1985), tracer animals (MARTIN et al, 1990), and sampling directly from the pasture (TAYLOR, 1939).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of two methods for the quantification of gastrointestinal nematode infective larvae from pasture

Piza¹,

Almeida

Pariz

et al. 2019

SCA

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The economic losses caused by gastrointestinal nematodes are one of the biggest obstacles in the small ruminants production. Understanding the population dynamics of the infective larvae (L3) in the pasture is the key point to develop control programs, and reliable results depend on the used methodology to quantify L3 numbers. The use of the sampling directly from the pasture appears as a viable option, since it is not required the use of animals with an esophageal fistula or tracer animals, decreasing the costs involved in the study. Therefore, the present project, which had as objective evaluate the efficiency of two collection methods for quantification of L3 in the pasture, utilized 64 lambs (n = 16) allocated to four integrated crop-livestock systems (treatments) with 12 paddocks each. Pasture samples were collected every nine days. The W method consists in traversing the area in the form of a W and again an inverted W, forage samples being collected every 10 steps, and the Square method, in tossing a 0.16 m 2 square to four random points within the area, the forage within the square being collected after each toss. After the forage samples had been processed, the L3 were recovered and identified. Cohen's Kappa coefficient (k) was determined. The W-transect and Random-plot methods did not differ (p ≥ 0.05) with respect to the number of L3 recovered from the pasture, and a positive correlation was found between them, suggesting agreement with one another, being that when the number of L3 recovered by the W-transect method increases, the same occurs in the Random-plot technique. The Random-plot method, which is already used to collect samples of forage for chemical analyses, can also be employed to estimate the pasture contamination by L3. The W-transect and Random-plot methods showed to be important in the epidemiological study of gastrointestinal nematodes in sheep. Therefore, the use of both on the same occasions and with different purposes, with one complementing the information that is not provided by the other, may be more effective in the investigation of environmental contamination by L3 of gastrointestinal nematodes. ResumoAs perdas econômicas causadas por nematódeos gastrintestinais são um dos maiores entraves na produção de pequenos ruminantes. Entender a dinâmica populacional das larvas infectantes (L3) no capim é o ponto chave para que se desenvolva programas de controle, e resultados confiáveis dependem das metodologias utilizadas para quantificar o número dessas L3. O uso da amostragem diretamente da pastagem aparece como uma opção viável, já que não requer o uso de animais fistulados ou traçadores, reduzindo os custos envolvidos no estudo. Assim, no presente estudo, que teve como objetivo avaliar a eficácia de dois métodos de coleta para quantificação de L3 na pastagem, foram utilizados 64 cordeiros (n = 16) alocados em quatro sistemas integrados de produção agropecuária (tratamentos) com 12 piquetes cada. As amostras de pasto foram coletadas a cada nove dias. O método W consiste em percorrer a...

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Comparison of two techniques used for the recovery of nematode infective larvae from pasture

Cited by 13 publications

References 7 publications

The epidemiology of Nematodirus battus – is it changing?

The epidemiology of Nematodirus battus – is it changing?

Alternatives to anthelmintics for the control of nematodes in livestock

Comparison of two methods for the quantification of gastrointestinal nematode infective larvae from pasture

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