Comparison of two time-resolved detectors for diffuse optical tomography: photomultiplier tube--time-correlated single photon counting and multichannel streak camera

Poulet, P.; Zint, C.V.; Torregrossa, Murielle; Uhring, Wilfried; Cunin, B.

doi:10.1117/12.476841

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The main advantage of them over the Ti:Sapphire and supercontinuum lasers are lower cost, easier operation and smaller footprint in the expense of single wavelength operation and lower output power. Measurements and light detection in TD-DOT have been based on photon counting methods and/or time-gated detectors [10,11,13,15,[18][19][20][21][22]. These are known to be sensitive, have very high dynamic range, and they are relatively fast methods for detecting light.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilising nanosecond sources in diffuse optical tomography

Mozumder¹,

Leskinen²,

Tarvainen³

2022

Meas. Sci. Technol.

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Diffuse optical tomography (DOT) use near-infrared light for imaging optical properties of biological tissues. Time-domain DOT systems use pulsed lasers and measure time-varying temporal point spread function (TPSF), carrying information from both superﬁcial and deep layers of imaged target. In this work, feasibility of nanosecond scale light pulses as sources for time-domain DOT is studied. Nanosecond sources enable using relatively robust measurement setups with standard analog-to-digital converter waveform digitizers, such as digital oscilloscopes. However, this type of systems have some properties, such as variations in source pulses and limited temporal sampling, that could limit their usage. In this work, these different aspects and possible limitations were studied with simulations and experiments. Simulations showed that information carried by time-domain data of diffuse medium is on low frequencies. This enables usage of relatively slow response time measurement electronics, and image processing using Fourier-transformed time-domain data. Furthermore, the temporal sampling in measurements needs to be high enough to capture the TPSF, but this rate can be achieved with standard digital oscilloscopes. It was shown that, although variations in light pulses of nanosecond lasers are larger than those of picosecond sources, these variations do not affect signiﬁcantly on image quality. Overall, the simulations demonstrated the capability of nanosecond sources to be utilised in time-domain DOT in diffuse medium. In this work, a prototype time-domain DOT experimental system utilising a high-energy nanosecond laser was constructed. The system is relatively robust consisting of a nanosecond Nd:YAG laser combined with optical parametric oscillator for light input and optical ﬁbres for guiding the light, and avalanche photodetector and high-bandwidth oscilloscope for TPSF measurements. The system was used in both absolute and difference imaging of two phantoms. The experiments veriﬁed that both absorbing and scattering objects can be reconstructed with good accuracy with time-domain DOT using a nanosecond laser.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilising nanosecond sources in diffuse optical tomography

Mozumder¹,

Leskinen²,

Tarvainen³

2022

Meas. Sci. Technol.

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show abstract

“…footprint in the expense of single wavelength operation and lower output power. Measurements and light detection in TD-DOT have been based on photon counting methods and/or time-gated detectors [15,19,20,11,21,22,13,10,18]. These are known to be sensitive, have very high dynamic range, and they are relative fast methods for detecting light.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilising nanosecond sources in diffuse optical tomography

Mozumder,

Leskinen,

Tarvainen

2023

Preprint

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Diffuse optical tomography (DOT) use near-infrared light for imaging optical properties of biological tissues. Time-domain DOT systems use pulsed lasers and measure time-varying temporal point spread function (TPSF), carrying information from both superficial and deep layers of imaged target.In this work, feasibility of nanosecond scale light pulses as sources for time-domain DOT is studied. Nanosecond sources enable using relatively robust measurement setups with standard analog-to-digital converter waveform digitizers, such as digital oscilloscopes. However, this type of systems have some properties, such as variations in source pulses and limited temporal sampling, that could limit their usage. In this work, these different aspects and possible limitations were studied with simulations and experiments.Simulations showed that information carried by time-domain data of diffuse medium is on low frequencies. This enables usage of relatively slow response time measurement electronics, and image processing using Fourier-transformed timedomain data. Furthermore, the temporal sampling in measurements needs to be high enough to capture the TPSF, but this rate can be achieved with standard digital oscilloscopes. It was shown that, although variations in light pulses of nanosecond lasers are larger than those of picosecond sources, these variations do not affect significantly on image quality. Overall, the simulations demonstrated the capability of nanosecond sources to be utilised in time-domain DOT in diffuse medium.In this work, a prototype time-domain DOT experimental system utilising a high-energy nanosecond laser was constructed. The system is relatively robust consisting of a nanosecond Nd:YAG laser combined with optical parametric oscillator for light input and optical fibres for guiding the light, and avalanche photodetector and high-bandwidth oscilloscope for TPSF measurements. The system was used in both absolute and difference imaging of two phantoms. The experiments verified that both absorbing and scattering objects can be reconstructed with good quality with time-domain DOT using a nanosecond laser.

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“…TCSPC is preferred because of its better dynamic range and temporal linearity than streak cameras. A lot of its applications have been reported, including fluorescence lifetime measurements [4][5][6][7] , fluorescence correlation spectroscopy 8 , optical tomography [9][10][11][12][13][14] and so on. TCSPC is based on the detection of single photons of a periodical light signal, the measurement of the detection times of the individual photons and the reconstruction of the waveform from the individual time measurements 15,16 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pseudo-random single photon counting system: a high speed implementation and its applications

Zhang

Chen

2011

Design and Quality for Biomedical Technologies IV

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As a new time-resolved method which combines the spread spectrum time-resolved method with single photon counting, pseudo-random single photon counting (PRSPC) has been proved to have the potential for high speed data acquisition due to high count rate achievable. A continuous wave laser modulated by a pseudo-random bit sequence is used to illuminate the sample, while single photon counting is used to build up the optical signal in response to the excitation. Periodic cross-correlation is performed to retrieve the temporal profile. Besides the high count rate, PRSPC also offers low system cost and portability which are not with the conventional time-correlated single photon counting (TCSPC). In this paper, we report a high speed PRSPC system that can be used for real time acquisition of the temporal spread function (TPSF) of diffuse photons. We also present preliminary experimental work of human blood glucose testing studies by utilizing the PRSPC system.

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Comparison of two time-resolved detectors for diffuse optical tomography: photomultiplier tube--time-correlated single photon counting and multichannel streak camera

Cited by 8 publications

References 5 publications

Utilising nanosecond sources in diffuse optical tomography

Utilising nanosecond sources in diffuse optical tomography

Utilising nanosecond sources in diffuse optical tomography

Pseudo-random single photon counting system: a high speed implementation and its applications

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