Comparison of ultrasmall IONPs and Fe salts biocompatibility and activity in multi-cellular in vitro models

Abstract

In the paper, the results of the first regular studies of ultra-small iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) toxicity in vitro were presented. The influence of PEG-coated NPs with 5 nm magnetite core on six different cell lines was examined. These were: human bronchial fibroblasts, human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293T), two glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cell lines as well as GBM cells isolated from a brain tumor of patient. Additionally, mouse macrophages were included in the study. The influence of IONPs in three different doses (1, 5 and 25 µg Fe/ml) on the viability, proliferation and migration activity of cells was assessed. Moreover, quantifying the intracellular ROS production, we determined the level of oxidative stress in cells exposed to IONPs. In the paper, for the first time, the effect of Fe in the form of IONPs was compared with the analogical data obtained for iron salts solutions containing the same amount of Fe, on the similar oxidation state. Our results clearly showed that the influence of iron on the living cells strongly depends not only on the used cell line, dose and exposure time but also on the form in which this element was administered to the culture. Notably, nanoparticles can stimulate the proliferation of some cell lines, including glioblastoma multiforme. Compared to Fe salts, they have a stronger negative impact on the viability of the cells tested. Ultra-small NPs, also, more often positively affect cell motility which seem to differ them from the NPs with larger core diameters.

How Defects Impact the In Vitro Behavior of Iron Carboxylate MOF Nanoparticles

“…After 24 h of incubation, ca. 60% of cells survived at a dose of 5 μg/mL, but more than 90% of cells survived when treated with the three MIL-100 nanoMOFs. For MIL-100 Mw and MIL-100 RT , 59.8 and 34.5% of cell viability were observed at 20 μg/mL while, surprisingly, 97.9% of cell viability was preserved for MIL-100 60°C .…”

The influence of IONPs core size on their biocompatibility and activity in in vitro cellular models

“…Human glioblastoma multiforme T98G (ATCC, CRL-1690), U87MG (ATCC, HTB-14) and KJT23I (patient-derived) cells as well as human embryonic kidney HEK293T cells (ATCC, CRL-3216), primary human bronchial fibroblasts NHLF and mouse macrophages MAC (ATCC, CCL-46) were routinely cultivated in standard conditions with DMEM medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and 1% antibiotics: penicillin/streptomycin cocktail as it was described elsewhere 33 . For each experiment, cells were harvested with 0.25% Trypsin–EDTA solution (Gibco), counted in a Z2 particle counter (Beckman Coulter), and seeded at an appropriate density into tissue culture plates (Eppendorf).…”

Recent progress in the effect of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles on cells and extracellular vesicles

“…The biocompatibility of IONPs is attributed to effective cellular iron metabolism, allowing iron circulation and excessive iron exocytosis [ 24 , 25 ]. In addition, the cytotoxicity of SPIONs to cells largely depends on their size [ 26 , 27 ], shape, surface coating [ 17 , 28 , 29 ], dose of exposed cells [ 30 ], exposure time [ 31 ] and type [ 32 – 34 ]. When the exposure concentration of nano-magnetite particles is greater than 50 µg/ml, it will produce greater cytotoxicity in the form of reduced activity, and increase ROS, reduce cell membrane potential and reduce the rate of cell apoptosis [ 30 ].…”