Comparison of ultrasonography features and malignancy rate of toxic and nontoxic autonomous nodules: a preliminary study

Dirikoç, Ahmet; Polat, Şefika Burçak; Kandemir, Zuhal; Aydın, Cevdet; Özdemır, Didem; Dellal, Fatma Dilek; Ersoy, Reyhan; Çakır, Bekir

doi:10.1007/s12149-015-1018-y

Cited by 16 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…They reported that toxic autonomous nodules were significantly bigger and had a significantly higher rate of microcalcification compared to nontoxic ones. 17 Smith et al demonstrated the overall cancer incidence as 18.3% for TNG, and they did not find any significant association with malignancy and age, preoperative dominant nodule size, lymphocytic thyroiditis or preoperative FNA. 3 In the present study, we found that hot nodules had a bigger nodule size and higher rate of presence of peripheral halo compared to cold and warm nodules, whereas micro-and macrocalcification of hot nodules were similar to cold nodules.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Dirikoc et al did not find any significant difference in terms of cytological diagnosis between toxic and nontoxic autonomous nodules except AUS/FLUS which was higher in the nontoxic group. 17 Cytology of the 19 hyperfunctional nodules was evaluated in a different study, and it was reported that cytology was benign in 10 (52.6%), AUS/FLUS in 6 (31.6%), and ND in 3 (15.8%) nodules. 29 In the present study, cytological results of hot, cold, and warm nodules were evaluated separately and found that of 364 hot nodules, 80 (22%) had ND, 259 (71.2%) has benign, 17 (3.6%) had AUS/FLUS, 2 (0.5%) had FN/SFN, 2 (0.5%) has SM, and 4 (1.1%) had malignant cytologies.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Dirikoc et al compared the US features of 227 toxic thyroid nodules with 31 nontoxic autonomous nodules. They reported that toxic autonomous nodules were significantly bigger and had a significantly higher rate of microcalcification compared to nontoxic ones . Smith et al demonstrated the overall cancer incidence as 18.3% for TNG, and they did not find any significant association with malignancy and age, preoperative dominant nodule size, lymphocytic thyroiditis or preoperative FNA .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…). However, incidental thyroidal cancer rate was reported as 4.1% in a study performed on patients with TMNG which was included also patients with hyperthyroidism and subcentrimetric thyroid nodules, Dirikoc et alreported malignancy rate as 8.8% in toxic nodules 16,17. Data in the literature suggest that the malignancy risk in patients with hot nodules is similar to cold nodules, the rate is within the range of 5%-15% for all thyroid nodules 7.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Are cytologic and histopathologic features of hot thyroid nodules different from cold thyroid nodules?

Başer

Topaloğlu

Bilginer

et al. 2019

Diagnostic Cytopathology

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Background We aimed to compare the cytology and histopathology results of hot, cold, and warm nodules in patients who had thyroidectomy due to toxic multinodular goiter (TMNG). Methods Five hundred and nine thyroid nodules from 413 patients who had operation with TMNG were included in this retrospective study. The nodules were categorized as hot, cold, and warm groups. The cytology and histopathology results were compared. Results The 509 thyroid nodules were grouped as hot (n = 364 [71.5%]), cold (n = 122 [24.0%]), and warm (n = 23 [4.5%]) according to scintigraphy. Cytological evaluations of 364 hot nodules were as follows: 80 (22%) nondiagnostic (ND), 259 (71.2%) benign, 17 (3.6%) atypia of undetermined significance/follicular lesion of undetermined significance (AUS/ FLUS), 2 (0.5%) follicular neoplasm/suspicious for follicular neoplasm (FN/SFN), 2 (0.5%) suspicious for malignancy (SM), and 4 (1.1%) malignant. The cytology of 122 cold nodules were ND in 25 (20.5%), benign in 86 (70.5%), AUS/FLUS in 8 (6.6%), FN/SFN in 1 (0.8%), and finally SM in 2 (1.6%). The 23 warm nodules were determined as ND, benign, and FN/SFN in 7 (30.4%), 15 (65.2%) and 1 (4.3%), respectively. There were no differences according to cytological results between groups (P = .616). However, malignancy rate was 3.8% in hot nodules, it was found as 6.6% in cold nodules. The malignancy was detected in 4.3% of warm nodules. There were no differences in malignancy rates between groups (P = .459). Conclusion We demonstrated similar malignancy rates in hot nodules when compared with cold and warm nodules.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Are cytologic and histopathologic features of hot thyroid nodules different from cold thyroid nodules?

Başer

Topaloğlu

Bilginer

et al. 2019

Diagnostic Cytopathology

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The value of ultrasonography for the indication of fine‐needle aspiration in autonomous thyroid nodules

Rosário

Nicolau

2020

Diagnostic Cytopathology

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Background The risk of malignancy in autonomous thyroid nodules is considered to be very low in adults and fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) is not recommended in these cases; however, some studies contest this. Just as ultrasonography (US) has been used to select nonautonomous nodules with initial benign cytology that deserve FNA repetition, this method may also be useful to select autonomous nodules that are candidates for FNA. Methods In this prospective study, FNA was obtained in 48 adults patients with autonomous solitary nodules >1 cm with suspicious US features (at least two of the following findings: hypoechogenicity, microcalcification, irregular margins, taller than wider shape, predominantly or exclusively central vascularization). Results Cytology was benign in 28 patients (58.3%). Six patients (12.5%) had nondiagnostic cytology and histology revealed benign nodules in these cases. Cytology was indeterminate in nine other patients (18.5%). Of these, seven were adenomas and two were follicular carcinomas on histology. Finally, cytology suspicious for malignancy or malignant cytology was detected in five patients (10.4%), all of them confirmed histologically to be papillary carcinomas (the follicular variant in three). Thus, the frequency of malignancy was 14.6% (two follicular carcinomas and five papillary carcinomas), 8.3% in nodules with two suspicious findings vs 33.3% in nodules with ≥3 suspicious findings (P = .055). Conclusion The results suggest that the presence of ultrasonographic findings suspicious for malignancy in autonomous thyroid nodules >1 cm is a criterion for the indication of FNA.

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Ultrasound for Thyroid Nodule Risk Stratification

Goundan

Lee

2021

Innovations in Modern Endocrine Surgery

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Comparison of ultrasonography features and malignancy rate of toxic and nontoxic autonomous nodules: a preliminary study

Cited by 16 publications

References 26 publications

Are cytologic and histopathologic features of hot thyroid nodules different from cold thyroid nodules?

Are cytologic and histopathologic features of hot thyroid nodules different from cold thyroid nodules?

The value of ultrasonography for the indication of fine‐needle aspiration in autonomous thyroid nodules

Ultrasound for Thyroid Nodule Risk Stratification

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