Objectives
We sought to elucidate the risks for access site-related complications (ASC) following percutaneous lower extremity revascularization and to evaluate benefit of routine ultrasound-guided access (RUS) in decreasing ASC.
Methods
We reviewed all consecutive percutaneous revascularizations (PTA or stent) performed for lower extremity atherosclerosis at our institution from 2002–2012. RUS began September 2007. Primary outcome was any ASC (bleeding, groin or retroperitoneal [RP] hematoma, vessel rupture, or thrombosis). Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine predictors of ASC.
Results
A total of 1,371 punctures were performed on 877 patients (43% women, median age 69 [IQR 60–78] yrs for claudication (29%), critical limb ischemia (59%), or bypass graft stenosis (12%) using 4–8Fr sheaths. There were 72 ASCs (5%): 52 instances of bleeding or groin hematoma, 9 pseudoaneurysms, 8 retroperitoneal hematomas, 2 artery lacerations, and 1 thrombosis. ASC were less frequent when RUS was used (4% vs. 7%, P=.02). Multivariable predictors of ASC were age >75 years (OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.1–3.7, P=.03), CHF (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.1–1.3, P=.02), preoperative warfarin use (OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.1–3.5, P=.02), & RUS (OR 0.4, 95% CI 0.2–0.7, P<.01). Vascular closure devices (VCDs) were not associated with lower rates of ASCs (OR 1.1, 95% CI 0.2–0.7, P<.01). RUS lowered ASCs in those >75 years (5% vs. 12%, P<.01) but not those on warfarin preoperatively (10% vs. 13%, P=.47). RUS did not decrease VCD failure (6% vs. 4%, P=.79).
Conclusions
We were able to decrease the rate of ASCs during lower extremity revascularization with the implementation of RUS. VCDs did not impact ASCs. Particular care should be taken on patients >75 years old, those with CHF, and those on warfarin.