Comparison of urinary oxidative biomarkers in Iranian children with autism

The role of imbalance between urinary hexanoyl-lysine and total antioxidant capacity levels and its relation to plasma superoxide dismutase levels in autism spectrum disorder

“…Previous studies examined urinary oxidative stress biomarkers such as F2-isoprostanes and their association with the activity of plasma enzymatic antioxidants such as SOD and glutathione peroxidase [83,84]. In this study, the urinary levels of 2-isoprostanes and plasma levels of glutathione were not measured; however, we examined a useful and informative set of oxidative stressrelated biomarkers and discovered novel important information on impaired antioxidant capacity that was not revealed in previous studies [6,11,25,85]. Second, ASD is most prevalent in males, with a male to female ratio of 4 to 1 [86].…”

“…As indicated in this earlier works, prooxidant environmental stressors may act in conjunction with a genetic predisposition toward the development of ASD [10]. Previous studies evaluated the following parameters: 1) urinary levels of TAP alone [25]; 2) urinary levels of TAC in concomitance with urinary catalase activity and total thiol molecules [6]; 3) urinary levels of 8-OHdG alone [10,51]; and 4) urinary levels of 8-OHdG in concomitance with HEL [11]. According to recent measurements, a set of oxidative stressrelated biomarkers such as urinary levels of HEL, TAC and 8-OHdG may provide useful information on neuronal damage by oxidative stress [52,53].…”

“…The SRS subscale and total scores being used as the dependent variables, the statistical significance of contribution of the SRS subscale of awareness to the urinary HL levels (unstandardized coefficients, B = 2.312 ± 0.807, β = 0.470, and p = 0.008). These findings indicate that urinary levels of TAC and HEL were predictable measures for differences in the biomarkers and the SRS scores between the ASD group and the control group ( Yui K (2018) The role of imbalance between urinary hexanoyl-lysine and total antioxidant capacity levels and its relation to plasma superoxide dismutase levels in autism spectrum disorder activity and total thiol molecules, which are the main indicators of antioxidant capacity [50] in 29 children with ASD aged 6-12 years than in 24 age-matched healthy controls [6]. Further, 34 adolescent individuals with Asperger syndrome (mean age 12.89 ±2.58 years) showed significantly reduced plasma and erythrocyte levels of TAP compared to 34 age-matched controls, indicating a chronically low detoxifying capacity in these ASD individuals [25].…”

“…Regulation of reduction/oxidation (redox) state is important for cell viability, proliferation and organ function [4], however, imbalance of oxidant/antioxidant balance such as overproduction of ROS became toxic to neurons, inducing DNA methylation [5] and various tissues damage [6]. Because the brain is highly vulnerable to oxidative stress during early development [6], oxidative stress-induced neuronal damage may occur in genetically predisposed individuals [7]. Thus, deficits in antioxidant capacity may important in the etiology of ASD.…”

“…The total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in urine and plasma is a parameter used to characterize the antioxidant status of the body [8,9]. Recent studies in ASD have shown significantly reduced urinary levels of TAC, indicating increased vulnerability to oxidative damage [6], and significantly higher urinary levels of 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) [10]. further, the urinary levels of oxidative stress markers such as hexanoyl-lysine (HEL) were found to be elevated in children with ASD, and higher HEL values correlated with the hyperactivity component of the Childhood Autism Rating Scale [11].…”