Comparison of urine protein-to-creatinine ratio in urine samples collected by cystocentesis versus free catch in dogs

Beatrice, Laura; Nizi, Francesca; Callegari, Donatella; Paltrinieri, Saverio; Zini, Eric; D’Ippolito, Paola; Zatelli, Andrea

doi:10.2460/javma.236.11.1221

Cited by 40 publications

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“…Possibly, with higher UPC values, a larger mean absolute difference could have been observed. These findings are consistent with previous studies in 81 dogs and 43 cats, which revealed that UPC may be reliably measured in free catch urine samples . The largest absolute differences occurred in dogs with overt proteinuria and were not associated with a change in classification across proteinuria categories.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…The clinical importance of borderline proteinuria in dogs still needs to be elucidated. In the authors' and others' experience, cystocentesis samples are mentioned to be more reliable for UPC measurement, but this is not well documented . However, because of possible drawbacks such as appropriate immobilization of dog and localization of bladder, risk for laceration, hematuria, or owner noncompliance, cystocentesis is often not performed in clinical practice.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, because of possible drawbacks such as appropriate immobilization of dog and localization of bladder, risk for laceration, hematuria, or owner noncompliance, cystocentesis is often not performed in clinical practice. Collecting urine by free catch has a minimal influence on UPC, in both dogs and cats . This could promote the performance of urinalysis in clinical practice and can encourage practitioners to add urinalysis to routine health screening of elderly dogs.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Proteinuria in Apparently Healthy Elderly Dogs: Persistency and Comparison Between Free Catch and Cystocentesis Urine

Marynissen

Willems

Paepe

et al. 2016

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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BackgroundUp to 25% of elderly humans have proteinuria, often associated with underlying lesions. Data concerning the presence of proteinuria in elderly dogs is scarce.ObjectivesTo describe the presence and persistence of proteinuria and to compare urinary protein : creatinine ratio (UPC) between free catch and cystocentesis urine samples in apparently healthy elderly dogs.AnimalsHundred apparently healthy elderly dogs.MethodsProspective study. Owners of 100 elderly dogs were asked to collect 2 free catch urine samples. Dogs were considered healthy based on owner's perception and an age chart, based on ideal bodyweight, was used to define dogs as senior or geriatric. UPC of urine collected by free catch and cystocentesis were compared. Overt proteinuria and borderline proteinuria were defined as UPC >0.5 and between 0.2 and 0.5, respectively, if examination of sediment did not explain proteinuria. Proteinuria was considered persistent if present at both sampling times.ResultsAt baseline, 71 owners succeeded in collecting urine. Eleven percent of dogs had overt proteinuria, 14% were borderline proteinuric, and 75% nonproteinuric. Thirty‐seven repeated urine samples, with a median time interval of 31 days (range 10–90), were available. Nineteen percent of dogs had a persistently increased UPC (>0.2), with persistent overt proteinuria present in 8%. A strong correlation (ρ = 0.88) was found between UPC of urine collected by free catch and cystocentesis.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceAs 19% of study dogs had persistent proteinuria, our findings emphasize that measurement of proteinuria should be part of geriatric health screening. For UPC in dogs, free catch urine provides a good alternative to cystocentesis.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Proteinuria in Apparently Healthy Elderly Dogs: Persistency and Comparison Between Free Catch and Cystocentesis Urine

Marynissen

Willems

Paepe

et al. 2016

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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“…Quando a proteinúria está associada à grande quantidade de células inflamató-rias, é difícil certificar-se da origem da proteinúria (Hardy & Osborne 1974). Porém, o estudo realizado por Beatrice et al (2010), assim como no estudo de Maddens et al (2010), a bacteriúria não foi relacionada à alterações nos valores da relação proteína/creatinina. Neste estudo, não foi realizada a análise do sedimento urinário, o que pode comprometer a proposta de origem renal para as alterações da relação proteína/creatinina.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Ultrassonografia Doppler na avaliação renal de cadelas diagnosticadas com piometra antes e após tratamento com ovariosalpingohisterectomia

Santos

Merlini²,

Souza

et al. 2013

Pesq. Vet. Bras.

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The aim of this study was evaluate the renal hemodynamics of bitches with pyometra by means of laboratory tests, ultrasound B mode and Doppler, before and after treatment with ovariohysterectomy (OSH). This study evaluated 30 bitches with pyometra, all were subjected to OSH (moment 1) and 20 were evaluated after 7 days (moment 2). The renal perfusion, the resistivity index (RI) of the main renal artery and the interlobar arteries (cranial, middle and caudal) were statistically different between times 1 and 2 (p<0,05). There was no statistical difference for renal perfusion between the left and the right kidney at the time 1 and 2. The correlations between the IR of the main artery and the variables used to determine renal function were stablished at the time 1. For the correlated variables: urea, creatinine, proteinuria, ratio GGT/creatinine and protein/creatinine were curvilinear and positive associations with the resistivity index of the main renal artery (p<0,05), however these correlations were considered medium and weak. Comparing the RI of the main renal artery with different scores of dehydration and renal perfusion, there was statistical difference, and show increased of resistance renal in bitches with moderate reduction in renal perfusion as well as in dehydrated bitches. Were evaluated several features of renal morphology in ultrasound B mode, however, only the presence of pelvic dilatation, medullary signal and other changes as infarcts areas and diffuse hyperechoic spots in the renal cortical and medullary were statistically different from one moment to the other, most frequently at the time 2. The results of this study show that the Doppler ultrasound can identify changes of reduction in renal perfusion by color Doppler and the increasing of the resistivity index of the renal arteries in some bitches with pyometra. As well as, the ultrasound B mode, although has non-specific changes, can detect progressive renal disorders in bitches with pyometra.

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“…In healthy dogs, voided urine or urine collected by cystocentesis may be used for UPC measurement 17. In practice, owners frequently are asked to collect urine at home and bring the sample to a veterinary hospital for analysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of common storage temperatures and container types on urine protein : creatinine ratios in urine samples of proteinuric dogs

Moyle

Specht

Hill

2018

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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BackgroundPreanalytic protein adsorption to polymer and glass container surfaces may decrease urine protein concentration measurements and urine protein: creatinine ratios (UPC).Hypothesis/ObjectivesUrine stored in PC or glass containers will have lower UPC than urine stored in HP containers. The specific objective was to determine whether clinically relevant differences in UPC would be detected after storage in glass, PC, or HP containers using common storage times and temperatures.AnimalsTwelve client‐owned dogs with proteinuria.MethodsProspective, nonmasked study, divided into 2 phases. The first phase was a pilot study involving multiple (n = 5) measurements at each storage condition using 24‐hours urine samples from 2 dogs with persistent renal proteinuria of different magnitude. The second phase used urine samples from 10 dogs with proteinuria of variable magnitude. Sample aliquots were stored in HP, PC, and glass containers at 24°C for 4 hours, 4°C for 12 hours, and −20°C for 72 hours. The UPC of each was measured after storage and compared with baseline.ResultsStatistically significant but clinically irrelevant differences were found in phase 1. In phase 2, storage conditions did not affect urinary protein or creatinine concentrations or UPC.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceCollection and storage of canine urine samples in clean HP, PC, or glass containers at 24°C for 4 hours, 4°C for 12 hours, or −20°C for 72 hours is unlikely to result in clinically relevant decreases in measured UPC values.

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Comparison of urine protein-to-creatinine ratio in urine samples collected by cystocentesis versus free catch in dogs

Cited by 40 publications

References 11 publications

Proteinuria in Apparently Healthy Elderly Dogs: Persistency and Comparison Between Free Catch and Cystocentesis Urine

Proteinuria in Apparently Healthy Elderly Dogs: Persistency and Comparison Between Free Catch and Cystocentesis Urine

Ultrassonografia Doppler na avaliação renal de cadelas diagnosticadas com piometra antes e após tratamento com ovariosalpingohisterectomia

Effect of common storage temperatures and container types on urine protein : creatinine ratios in urine samples of proteinuric dogs

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