Comparison of vaccination strategies for the control of dog rabies in Machakos District, Kenya

Kitala, P.; McDermott, John J.; Coleman, P. G.; Dye, Christopher

doi:10.1017/s0950268802006957

Cited by 91 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…First, we estimated the reproductive number R 0 of rabies in Tamil Nadu to be 1.41, implying that a single rabid dog will infect 1.41 additional dogs in the absence of intervention, consistent with values observed in other contexts (32)(33)(34). This low transmissibility corresponds to a critical threshold of vaccination coverage less than 30%.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

“…Models of rabies for China and sub-Saharan Africa have predicted the effectiveness (33,34,43) and efficiency (19,20,44) of annual vaccination campaigns, the success of which has been borne out in practice (30,45). Given differences between counties, particularly regarding canine demographics and campaign cost structure, it is important to tailor evaluations of rabies control programs to specific settings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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One Health approach to cost-effective rabies control in India

Fitzpatrick

Shah

Pandey

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Over 20,000 rabies deaths occur annually in India, representing one-third of global human rabies. The Indian state of Tamil Nadu has pioneered a "One Health" committee to address the challenge of rabies in dogs and humans. Currently, rabies control in Tamil Nadu involves postexposure vaccination of humans after dog bites, whereas potential supplemental approaches include canine vaccination and sterilization. We developed a data-driven rabies transmission model fit to human rabies autopsy data and human rabies surveillance data from Tamil Nadu. Integrating local estimates for canine demography and costs, we predicted the impact of canine vaccination and sterilization on human health outcomes and evaluated cost-effectiveness according to the WHO criteria for India, which correspond to thresholds of $1,582 and $4,746 per disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for very cost-effective and cost-effective strategies, respectively. We found that highly feasible strategies focused on stray dogs, vaccinating as few as 7% of dogs annually, could very cost-effectively reduce human rabies deaths by 70% within 5 y, and a modest expansion to vaccinating 13% of stray dogs could cost-effectively reduce human rabies by almost 90%. Through integration over parameter uncertainty, we find that, for a cost-effectiveness threshold above $1,400 per DALY, canine interventions are at least 95% likely to be optimal. If owners are willing to bring dogs to central point campaigns at double the rate that campaign teams can capture strays, expanded annual targets become cost-effective. This case study of cost-effective canine interventions in Tamil Nadu may have applicability to other settings in India and beyond. mathematical modeling | cost-effectiveness | rabies | sterilization | vaccination

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

One Health approach to cost-effective rabies control in India

Fitzpatrick

Shah

Pandey

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…However, simple models of rabies parameterized for domestic dog populations generate oscillatory dynamics in disease incidence with periods that are considerably longer than those observed in these data (9,32) and corresponding large oscillations in dog population densities for which there is no empirical evidence.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 68%

Synchronous cycles of domestic dog rabies in sub-Saharan Africa and the impact of control efforts

Hampson

Dushoff

Bingham

et al. 2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

150

175

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Rabies is a fatal neurological pathogen that is a persistent problem throughout the developing world where it is spread primarily by domestic dogs. Although the disease has been extensively studied in wildlife populations in Europe and North America, the dynamics of rabies in domestic dog populations has been almost entirely neglected. Here, we demonstrate that rabies epidemics in southern and eastern Africa cycle with a period of 3-6 years and show significant synchrony across the region. The observed period is shorter than predictions based on epidemiological parameters for rabies in domestic dogs. We find evidence that rabies prevention measures, including vaccination, are affected by disease prevalence and show that a simple model with intervention responses can capture observed disease periodicity and host dynamics. We suggest that movement of infectious or latent animals combined with coordinated control responses may be important in coupling populations and generating synchrony at the continental scale. These findings have important implications for rabies prediction and control: large-scale synchrony and the importance of intervention responses suggest that control of canine rabies in Africa will require sustained efforts coordinated across political boundaries.disease dynamics ͉ epidemics ͉ infectious disease ͉ mathematical model ͉ vaccination

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“…Therefore, public awareness education on waste management and dog ownership is important. The combination of a high dog density and contiguous dog populations and low vaccination coverage can result in the persistence of rabies virus in such populations (Kitala et al, 2002;Lembo et al, 2008), resulting in frequent disease outbreaks. Similar situations have been reported in many other canine rabies endemic countries (Cleaveland and Dye, 1995;Wilde et al, 2007;Lembo et al, 2008;Wu et al, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anthropogenic and environmental risk factors for rabies occurrence in Bhutan

Tenzin

Dhand

Ward

2012

Preventive Veterinary Medicine

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Preventive Veterinary Medicine, (2012); 107:21 -26. Available online at: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167587712001420 AbstractAnthropogenic and environmental factors were assessed as predictors of sub-districts in Bhutan that reported rabies in domestic animals during the period 1996−2009. Rabies surveillance data were retrieved from the Veterinary Information System database. Anthropogenic and environmental information were obtained from public data sources. Using the total number of rabies cases reported in domestic animals, the 205 sub-districts of Bhutan were categorized as those sub-districts that reported rabies and those that did not report rabies (n=146). Logistic regression models were fit to the data and odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated. Sub-districts that share a border with India (OR 10.43; 95% CI: 4.42-24.64; P<0.001); sub-districts connected by major roads (OR 3.09; 95% CI: 1.24-7.68; P=0.015); and greater human population density (OR 3.26; P=0.003) were significantly associated with a sub-district reporting animal rabies in Bhutan during 1996−2009. Results suggest that human population characteristics play an important role in rabies occurrence.

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Comparison of vaccination strategies for the control of dog rabies in Machakos District, Kenya

Cited by 91 publications

References 16 publications

One Health approach to cost-effective rabies control in India

One Health approach to cost-effective rabies control in India

Synchronous cycles of domestic dog rabies in sub-Saharan Africa and the impact of control efforts

Anthropogenic and environmental risk factors for rabies occurrence in Bhutan

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