Comparison of vascular parameters between normal cynomolgus macaques and healthy humans by optical coherence tomography angiography

Abstract

Background The metabolic activity of retina is higher than other human tissues and is crucial to the vision. Cynomolgus macaques is widely used in ophthalmic disease research. The evaluation and comparison of macular and optic disc vascular circulation parameters between normal adult cynomolgus macaques and healthy adult humans using OCT-A can promote better use of nonhuman primate models in studies of ophthalmic vascular disease. Methods Twelve normal adult cynomolgus macaques with a mean age of 4.91 ± 0.43 years were studied for data collection. The macula of 28 adult healthy humans (14 males and 14 females), with a mean age of 25.11 ± 6.21 years and the optic discs of 9 adult healthy humans (4 males and 5 females) with a mean age of 28.56 ± 6.78 years were measured. The vessel density (VD) was measured using an RTVue XR with AngioVue. The scan sizes of the macular and optic discs were 3 × 3 mm and 4.5 × 4.5 mm, respectively. Results OCT-A can image the superficial and deep capillary plexuses and radial peripapillary capillary network. In RPC layer of the optic disc, the VD in the nasal quadrant was lower than the VD in the inferior temporal quadrant. Similarities and significant differences in VD between healthy humans and cynomolgus macaques were obtained using OCT-A. Conclusions This study provides normal vascular parameters for adult cynomolgus macaques using OCT-A to help establish an optical parameter database for cynomolgus macaques and compare VD between healthy humans and cynomolgus macaques to promote choroid-retinopathy research. Trial registration Current Controlled Trials NCT03692169, retrospectively registered on 26 sept 2018.

The Development of Suspended Scattering Particles in Motion in a Patient with Exudative Reticular Pseudodrusen

“…We could not find any disturbances in the circulation by OCTA indicating microemboli in the superficial, intermediate, and deep retinal capillary plexuses. The anatomic differences in macular circulation between human and monkey (cynomolgus macaques) eyes might explain this contradiction [11] . By OCTA, the retinal vessel densities in the superficial and deep layers of the fovea of healthy humans were found to be much higher than in monkeys [11] .…”

“…The anatomic differences in macular circulation between human and monkey (cynomolgus macaques) eyes might explain this contradiction [11] . By OCTA, the retinal vessel densities in the superficial and deep layers of the fovea of healthy humans were found to be much higher than in monkeys [11] .…”

Cynomolgus monkey’s choroid reference database derived from hybrid deep learning optical coherence tomography segmentation

“…Due to genetic and anatomical similarities to humans, cynomolgus monkeys have emerged as an ideal model for a number of innate and acquired retinal diseases 3 , 26 – 28 . Cynomolgus monkeys have also been found to exhibit soft drusen comparable to human early age-related macular degeneration, thereby offering insights into drusen biogenesis 29 .…”

Cynomolgus monkey’s retina volume reference database based on hybrid deep learning optical coherence tomography segmentation

“…1 ). The algorithm is based on a modified U-Net architecture and was described in detail and validated previously 12 . Basically, the algorithm assigns one of the labels vitreous, retina, choroid, and sclera to each pixel of a B-scan.…”

“…Therefore, the animals’ geographic origin may play a crucial role in neuroretinal development. Moreover, knowledge of these natural variations in retinal morphology, such as retinal thickness and vessel parameters 11 , 12 , is vital when planning the study design and assessing retinal thickness measurements from cynomolgus monkey’s retina to prevent misinterpreting the natural variations with suspected retinal pathology.…”