Comparison of virtual and real electric powered wheelchair driving using a position sensing joystick and an isometric joystick

Cooper, Rory A.; Spaeth, Donald M.; Jones, Daniel Fiske; Boninger, Michael L.; Fitzgerald, Shirley G.; Guo, Songfeng

doi:10.1016/s1350-4533(02)00111-x

Cited by 62 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…101 This work addresses an important problem, as one study estimates that 40% of people who need electric wheelchairs cannot presently use them because they are unable to control them sufficiently using currently available controls. 102 The authors first developed an isometric joystick as an alternative to the standard position sensing joystick.…”

Section: Wheelchair Mobility and Functional Adl Trainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virtual Environments for Motor Rehabilitation: Review

Holden

2005

CyberPsychology & Behavior

1,002

541

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In this paper, the current "state of the art" for virtual reality (VR) applications in the field of motor rehabilitation is reviewed. The paper begins with a brief overview of available equipment options. Next, a discussion of the scientific rationale for use of VR in motor rehabilitation is provided. Finally, the major portion of the paper describes the various VR systems that have been developed for use with patients, and the results of clinical studies reported to date in the literature. Areas covered include stroke rehabilitation (upper and lower extremity training, spatial and perceptual-motor training), acquired brain injury, Parkinson's disease, orthopedic rehabilitation, balance training, wheelchair mobility and functional activities of daily living training, and the newly developing field of telerehabilitation. Four major findings emerge from these studies: (1) people with disabilities appear capable of motor learning within virtual environments; (2) movements learned by people with disabilities in VR transfer to real world equivalent motor tasks in most cases, and in some cases even generalize to other untrained tasks; (3) in the few studies (n = 5) that have compared motor learning in real versus virtual environments, some advantage for VR training has been found in all cases; and (4) no occurrences of cybersickness in impaired populations have been reported to date in experiments where VR has been used to train motor abilities.

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Section: Wheelchair Mobility and Functional Adl Trainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virtual Environments for Motor Rehabilitation: Review

Holden

2005

CyberPsychology & Behavior

1,002

541

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“…[3][4][5][6] Virtual driving performances in these simulators show high correlations with performance on real-world driving tasks. 3,5,7 Most of the driving simulators developed by researchers so far are designed as training environments to expose inexperienced wheelchair drivers to unfamiliar driving scenarios. However, no validated wheelchair driving assessment tools exist in the VE.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of wheelchair driving performance in a virtual reality-based simulator

Mahajan

Dicianno

Cooper

et al. 2013

The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine

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Objective: To develop a virtual reality (VR)-based simulator that can assist clinicians in performing standardized wheelchair driving assessments. Design: A completely within-subjects repeated measures design. Methods: Participants drove their wheelchairs along a virtual driving circuit modeled after the Power Mobility Road Test (PMRT) and in a hallway with decreasing width. The virtual simulator was displayed on computer screen and VR screens and participants interacted with it using a set of instrumented rollers and a wheelchair joystick. Driving performances of participants were estimated and compared using quantitative metrics from the simulator. Qualitative ratings from two experienced clinicians were used to estimate intraand inter-rater reliability. Results: Ten regular wheelchair users (seven men, three women; mean age ± SD, 39.5 ± 15.39 years) participated. The virtual PMRT scores from the two clinicians show high inter-rater reliability (78-90%) and high intra-rater reliability (71-90%) for all test conditions. More research is required to explore user preferences and effectiveness of the two control methods (rollers and mathematical model) and the display screens. Conclusions: The virtual driving simulator seems to be a promising tool for wheelchair driving assessment that clinicians can use to supplement their real-world evaluations.

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“…Virtual driving simulators have been used by our [17,[19][20]24,28] and other research groups [29][30][31][32] in the past to evaluate the feasibility of using specialized control mechanisms and/or algorithms in the real world. The dynamics of the virtual wheelchair in this simulator were based on the acceleration profiles of a Quickie P300 power wheelchair (Southwest Medical; Phoenix, Arizona), and an earlier study indicated no significant difference in driving performance between virtual and realworld driving [19].…”

Section: Virtual Driving Simulatormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The dynamics of the virtual wheelchair in this simulator were based on the acceleration profiles of a Quickie P300 power wheelchair (Southwest Medical; Phoenix, Arizona), and an earlier study indicated no significant difference in driving performance between virtual and realworld driving [19]. A driving simulator feature that allows programming of the virtual wheelchair's response to input control mechanisms in real time makes this a potentially viable tool that a clinician could use in a busy clinical environment.…”

Section: Virtual Driving Simulatormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Few isometric joysticks are commercially available [15][16]. Preliminary research in people with traumatic brain injury (TBI) [17] and cerebral palsy [18] has shown that the isometric joystick could be a promising wheelchair control interface [4,17,[19][20] that can help users drive more accurately. We expect that using a joystick with a rigid isometric post along with personalized controls [21][22][23][24] and advanced signalprocessing algorithms [25] can further improve its ability to mitigate the effects of various upper-limb issues like fatigue and tremor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preliminary evaluation of variable compliance joystick for people with multiple sclerosis

et al. 2014

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Abstract-Upper-limb fatigue is a common problem that may restrict people with multiple sclerosis (MS) from using their electric powered wheelchair effectively and for a long period of time. The objective of this research is to evaluate whether participants with MS can drive better with a variable compliance joystick (VCJ) and customizable algorithms than with a conventional wheelchair joystick. Eleven participants were randomly assigned to one of two groups. The groups used the VCJ in either compliant or noncompliant isometric mode and a standard algorithm, personally fitted algorithm, or personally fitted algorithm with fatigue adaptation running in the background in order to complete virtual wheelchair driving tasks. Participants with MS showed better driving performance metrics while using the customized algorithms than while using the standard algorithm with the VCJ. Fatigue adaptation algorithms are especially beneficial in improving overall task performance while using the VCJ in isometric mode. The VCJ, along with the personally fitted algorithms and fatigue adaptation algorithms, has the potential to be an effective input interface for wheelchairs.

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Comparison of virtual and real electric powered wheelchair driving using a position sensing joystick and an isometric joystick

Cited by 62 publications

References 8 publications

Virtual Environments for Motor Rehabilitation: Review

Virtual Environments for Motor Rehabilitation: Review

Assessment of wheelchair driving performance in a virtual reality-based simulator

Preliminary evaluation of variable compliance joystick for people with multiple sclerosis

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