“…However, the reliability of these methods is limited in case of fish with a long shelf life (Duflos et al, 2002) and in presence of processed products such as skinned and filleted fish (Hassoun & Karoui, 2017). More recently, alternative physical methods based on frontface fluorescence, near infrared spectroscopy, solid-phase gas chromatography and mass spectrometry, have been proposed as non-destructive methods for fresh-frozen product discrimination (Karoui et al, 2006;Uddin 2010, Fasolato et al, 2012, Leduc et al, 2012, Zhu et al 2013, Ottavian, Fasolato, Facco, & Barolo, 2013. Although all methods have been shown to be effective for the analysis of whole and filleted products they require a large set of reference samples for the assay validation and the development of calibration models for each species (Ottavian et al, 2013;Hassoun & Karoui, 2017).…”