Comparison of Vitamin D Levels, Bone Metabolic Marker Levels, and Bone Mineral Density among Patients with Thyroid Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Thyroid hormones have a catabolic effect on bone homeostasis. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate serum vitamin D, calcium, and phosphate and bone marker levels and bone mineral density (BMD) among patients with different thyroid diseases. This cross-sectional study included patients with underlying thyroid diseases (n = 64, hyperthyroid; n = 53 euthyroid; n = 18, hypothyroid) and healthy controls (n = 64). BMD was assessed using z-score and left hip and lumbar bone density (g/cm2). The results showed that the mean serum vitamin D Levels of all groups was low (<50 nmol/L). Thyroid patients had higher serum vitamin D levels than healthy controls. All groups had normal serum calcium and phosphate levels. The carboxy terminal collagen crosslink and procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide levels were high in hyperthyroid patients and low in hypothyroid patients. The z-score for hip and spine did not significantly differ between thyroid patients and control groups. The hip bone density was remarkably low in the hyperthyroid group. In conclusion, this study showed no correlation between serum 25(OH)D levels and thyroid diseases. The bone markers showed a difference between thyroid groups with no significant difference in BMD.

Recurrent Hypocalcemic Tetany as the Initial Presentation in Some Persons with Hyperthyroidism: A Case Series

“…Peculiar to our cases is the fact that recurrent hypocalcemic tetany was the first presentation of these women who were eventually diagnosed with hyperthyroidism. In addition, the recurrence of hypocalcemic tetany ceased after the treatment of hyperthyroidism, which is in keeping with findings of the few studies that reported same [5-7].…”

“…This is mediated predominantly by thyroid hormone receptor-α [2]. Previous reports from the West also showed that hyperthyroid persons have normal or increased serum total calcium [3-5].…”

Submicroscopic changes of periodontal components under experimental periodontitis combined with hypothyroidism

“…Violation of hormonal regulation complicates the course of chronic generalized periodontitis, and a more severe course is characteristic of patients with hypothyroidism. The lower jaw is more sensitive to changes in thyroid hormone levels [8]. Studies show a decrease in the mineral density of the alveolar process in patients with hypothyroidism, which may be one of the pathogenetic mechanisms of chronic generalized periodontitis in this group of people [9].…”