Comparison of vulnerability to catastrophic wind between Abies plantation forests and natural mixed forests in northern Japan

Morimoto, Junko; Nakagawa, Kosuke; Takano, Kohei Takenaka; Aiba, Masahiro; Oguro, Michio; Furukawa, Yasuto; Mishima, Yoshio; Ogawa, Kenta; Ito, Rui; Takemi, Tetsuya; Nakamura, Futoshi; Peterson, Chris J.

doi:10.1093/forestry/cpy045

Cited by 26 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…This assumption is required in order to omit the influence of canopy gap duration on the seed bank, as a decrease in seeds would be more severe under canopy gaps that were created earlier compared to those created recently, when gap size is equivalent. Most canopy gaps in this area, however, were likely to be created by the historically large typhoon occurring in the Hokkaido prefecture in 2004 52,53 . For interpretation of the interactive effects of gap creation and ungulate grazing on plant populations in other areas, attention to the difference in periods in which gaps were created across the focal area would be necessary.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction exposure effects of multiple disturbances: plant population resilience to ungulate grazing is reduced by creation of canopy gaps

Shinoda

Akasaka

2020

Sci Rep

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The impact of multiple disturbances on populations could be synergistic or antagonistic via disturbance interaction and are considered to be provoked by alternation of the impact of an ecosystem disturbance due to the effect of a preceding disturbance. The impact of a focal disturbance can also change when a preceding disturbance alters the proportion of individuals in a population exposed to these disturbances (i.e., interaction exposure effects), although this effect has not been addressed to date. Herein, we propose and test interaction exposure effects by elucidating disturbance interactions between canopy gap formation and ungulate grazing. Based on a vegetation and seed bank survey conducted on an island in Hokkaido, northern Japan, we examined whether canopy openness changes the impact of ungulate grazing on the occurrence probability of palatable plant species through the facilitation of germination. Species occurrence in the seed bank significantly decreased with increasing canopy openness under the presence of grazing; however, it slightly increased under the absence of grazing, suggesting that gap creation, which facilitates germination, exposes the seed bank to ungulate grazing. Because disturbances of various types often modify the habitat structure, these proposed disturbance interactions are expected to operate within various ecosystems and taxa. An understanding of the impacts of disturbances on ecosystems is indispensable for comprehending the persistence of populations 1-3. Climate change and increasing pressures from human development have increased disturbance frequency; therefore, it is more likely that ecosystems will be exposed to multiple co-occurring disturbances 4,5 that could severely impact these environments 6-8. Therefore, the interacting effects of multiple disturbances on populations should be understood to help predict the fate of ecosystems 4,9. The population impact of multiple disturbances may be larger or smaller than the sum of the impacts of respective individual disturbances 4,10-14. These cumulative or antagonistic impacts have been attributed to two types of interaction effects: interaction chain effects (linked disturbances in the context of Buma et al. 5) and interaction modification effects 4,9. Within the interaction chain effects, the total impact of disturbances on a population is altered by the indirect effects of a supportive disturbance to the strength and/or extent of main disturbances 15-17 (Fig. 1a), e.g., a typical example of an interaction chain effect would be enhanced severity of a forest fire within a severely blown-down forest 16. Within interaction modification effects, indirect effect(s) of supportive disturbance(s) on main disturbances modifies the per capita impact of the main disturbance 18,19 (Fig. 1b). An example of interaction modification effects is that of savanna fires reducing the resistance of tree trunks to hurricanes, as rapid tree growth following fires results in low wood density 18. Although both interaction chain and modification effec...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction exposure effects of multiple disturbances: plant population resilience to ungulate grazing is reduced by creation of canopy gaps

Shinoda

Akasaka

2020

Sci Rep

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“…For the D04 areas, eight domains were separately placed within D03 in order to save computational costs. The reason why we set these specific regions as D04 is that in these D04 areas, significant damages to forests were reported (Takano et al 2016;Morimoto et al 2019) and hence evaluating the numerical representations of the typhoon winds on these forest areas is critically important. The model settings here were exactly the same with those used in Ito et al (2016) except employing the 200 m grid areas.…”

Section: Numerical Model and Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4a). These areas A, B, and C include forests that were damaged by the typhoon (Takano et al 2016;Morimoto et al 2019), and each area A, B, and C is referred to as Nakagawa, Abashiri, and Niseko (see Fig. 1 of Takano et al 2016).…”

Section: Sensitivity To Horizontal Resolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the past, major typhoons caused severe damages to trees and forest ecosystems in mountainous areas. For example, due to Typhoon Songda (2004), widespread forest damages occurred in Hokkaido (Sano et al 2010;Hayashi et al 2015;Takano et al 2016;Morimoto et al 2019). Because major damages to trees by typhoon's winds have serious influences on forest ecosystems for a long period of time, assessing the impacts of typhoon winds on forest areas and identifying their climate change factors are critically important (Ito et al 2016;Takemi et al 2016a;Toda et al 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Benefits of high-resolution downscaling experiments for assessing strong wind hazard at local scales in complex terrain: a case study of Typhoon Songda (2004)

Takemi

Ito

2020

Prog Earth Planet Sci

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This study investigated the representation of surface winds in complex terrain during the passage of Typhoon Sondga (2004) in downscaling simulations with the horizontal grid spacing of 200 m. The mountainous areas in Hokkaido where forest damages occurred in the typhoon event were chosen for the present analysis. The 200 m grid simulations were compared with the simulations with the grid spacing of 1 km. The 200 m grid simulations clearly indicated more enhanced and more frequent extremes both in the stronger and weaker ranges of surface winds than the 1 km grid case. Both in the 200 m grid and 1 km grid cases, the mean and maximum winds in the analysis areas during the simulated time period increase with the increase in the terrain slope angle, but in the 200 m grid case, the relationships of the mean and maximum winds against the terrain slope angle includes wide scatter. In this way, the response of the wind representations to the grid spacing appears differently between the 200 m and 1 km grid cases. A parameter characterized subgrid-scale orography was used to quantify the influences of the terrain complexity on surface winds, demonstrating that the area-maxima and spatial variance of surface winds are more enhanced with the increase in the subgrid-scale orography in the higher-resolution case. It is suggested that the high-resolution simulations at the 200 m grid highlight the fluctuating nature of surface winds in complex terrain, because of the better representation of the model terrain at 200 m. Benefits of the representation of surface winds in simulations at the resolution on the order of 100 m are due to the better representation of complex terrain, which enables to quantitatively assess the impacts of strong winds on forest and natural vegetation in complex terrain.

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“…As a consequence, the ontogenic development and growth dynamics of trees in managed stands usually differ considerably from those in forests driven by natural stand dynamics (Korpel 1995;Lorimer et al 2001). This divergence has consequences for the life processes and functioning of trees and their populations, and the primary stress factors they are exposed to (Gray et al 2012;Morimoto et al 2019). The ontogeny of trees influences their morphological traits (Schröter et al 2012;Di Filippo et al 2017), growth potential (Sillet et al 2015;Pretzsch 2020), reaction to stress conditions (Domec et al 2015;Pretzsch 2022;Schmied et al 2022) and longevity (Woods 2008;Di Filippo et al 2015;Piovesan et al 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life histories of Abies alba and Picea abies growing in old-growth forests driven by natural gap-phase dynamics

Paluch

Jastrzębski

2022

Eur J Forest Res

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We analyzed growth trajectories recorded in the tree-ring series of Norway spruce Picea abies (L.) H. Karst. and silver fir Abies alba Mill. co-occuring with European beech Fagus sylvatica L. in old-growth forests driven by natural stand dynamics. The study sites were localized in five old-growth stands in the Western Carpathians (Central Europe). We characterized the life histories of 218 individual trees by using 25 metrics which refer to the age of the trees, number of release events, reaction to releases, radial increment and basal area increment. We found a large variation in the dbh-age relationship. The life histories of most trees included two or three (in single cases up to seven) release events. We did not find tree age as an important factor in determining post-release growth response. The maximal basal area increment was frequently registered at the terminal stage of tree life. The life histories of spruces and firs did not significantly differ. We concluded that in natural forests driven by gap-phase dynamics, the history of release events is the primary driver of tree growth and that tree age plays a secondary role. After reaching the overstory, trees can continue growing without significant symptoms of aging until extrinsic forces cause their death. Our results indicate that in the studied ecosystem the persistence of less shade-tolerant spruce is not attributable to the niche differentiation and site partitioning mechanism. An alternative hypothesis based on shifts in stand densities, species composition and climatic factors is more probable.

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Comparison of vulnerability to catastrophic wind between Abies plantation forests and natural mixed forests in northern Japan

Cited by 26 publications

References 49 publications

Interaction exposure effects of multiple disturbances: plant population resilience to ungulate grazing is reduced by creation of canopy gaps

Interaction exposure effects of multiple disturbances: plant population resilience to ungulate grazing is reduced by creation of canopy gaps

Benefits of high-resolution downscaling experiments for assessing strong wind hazard at local scales in complex terrain: a case study of Typhoon Songda (2004)

Life histories of Abies alba and Picea abies growing in old-growth forests driven by natural gap-phase dynamics

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