Comparison of Water Quality and Rainbow Trout Production in Oxygenated and Aerated Raceways

Clark, Michael; Helfrich, Louis A.

doi:10.1577/a05-020.1

Cited by 10 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Among fishes that are readily cultured, salmonids are known to be particularly intolerant of low DO levels; in hatcheries they generally grow best when DO exceeds 5 mg/L (Piper et al 1982). Thus, the efficacy of rearing salmonids at high densities in oxygen-supplemented hatchery raceways-to conserve water and increase production efficiency-has been explored with mostly favorable results (Kindschi et al 1991;Dwyer and Peterson 1993;Miller et al 1995;Clark and Helfrich 2006; but see Caldwell and Hinshaw 1994). Most such work has been with rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of Spring Chinook Salmon Reared in Standard Raceways and in Michigan Raceways with Oxygen Supplementation

et al. 2009

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The decreasing availability of freshwater means that fish culturists must seek ways to increase production efficiency, that is, the number of fish produced from a given volume of water. This paper summarizes a comparison of the performance of yearling spring Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha reared in standard raceways and those reared at higher densities in Michigan-style raceways with oxygen supplementation (to conserve water). During rearing at the Umatilla Fish Hatchery in northeastern Oregon, water temperatures and pH were similar between the two raceway types, but dissolved oxygen was higher and un-ionized ammonia levels were lower in the Michigan raceways. No disease outbreaks requiring medicine occurred in either raceway type. Before transfer to acclimation facilities on the Umatilla River, the average fish size differed by more than 3% between raceway groups and average Fulton's condition factor never differed by more than 3%. After fish were released into the river, we monitored out-migration travel times and survival to John Day Dam on the Columbia River using implanted passive integrated transponder tags in a randomly subsampled group from each raceway. No significant difference in travel time was detected between the two raceway types; however, average survival probabilities to the dam favored the standard rearing strategy. We used recoveries of coded wire tags implanted into juvenile fish before river release to estimate smolt-to-adult survival rates, the numbers of adults produced annually, and adult production efficiency (adults produced L À1 h À1 ) between the two raceway types. Although survival rates were significantly higher for Chinook salmon reared in standard raceways, there was no significant difference in the average number of adults produced per raceway series, and production efficiency significantly favored the Michigan raceway group. These results indicate that limited water supplies can be used more efficiently by rearing spring Chinook salmon in Michigan raceways with oxygen supplementation rather than in standard raceways.

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confidence: 99%

Performance of Spring Chinook Salmon Reared in Standard Raceways and in Michigan Raceways with Oxygen Supplementation

et al. 2009

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“…Our results implied that water velocity increment by outlet water reuse can also moderate these two factors. Clarke (2003) suggested that oxygen injection could increase fish raceway capacity, although our results showed that this matter could be done by water velocity increment through reuse of filtered outlet water. Water velocity increment increased mixing level between air and water.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Effect of water current on some growth performance and water quality in a closed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) culture system

Shamsaie

Abdollahtabar

et al. 2015

I. j. Aqua. Anim. Health

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The effects of water current increment on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) culture were investigated during a 35 day experiment. Fish weighing 5.5 g were stocked in aquarium tanks. Four different water speeds (0, 3.5, 7, 10.5 cm/s) were provided for each treatment in three replicates. These different currents water were provided by reusing outlet water of each culture unit. Length, weight, daily growth rate (DGR), specific growth rate (SGR), condition factor (CF) and survival rate (SR) were evaluated in each treatment. Also, the changes of NO2, NO3, NH3, NH4+, total hardness and pH were measured. The data variance analysis showed significant differences among all treatments during the first week (P<0.01). However, these results were not observed in following days. Based on Duncan's test results, the best survival rate (97%), daily growth rate (1), SGR (6%) and average weight (24g) were achieved in 10.5 cm/s.

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“…Using oxygenation, the levels of DO can be higher than the ones achieved when using aeration and thus the stocking capacity of the rearing facilities can increase, as Clark and Helfrich (2006) reported. Interestingly, the same authors, also, concluded that at 90% oxygen saturation there were no significant differences in growth rates, feed conversion and overall survival, between rainbow trout cultured using aeration or oxygenation.…”

Section: Reduced Levels Of Dissolved Oxygenmentioning

confidence: 76%

Water quality and fish diseases

Vatsos

Angelidis

2017

J Hellenic Vet Med Soc

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ABSTRACT. Certain water quality parameters are known to cause serious problems to fish, especially when they are living under intensive farming conditions. These problems range from discomfort of fish to heavy mortalities and factors, such as the fish species, the time and level of exposure and the synergic effect of other coexisting stressful conditions, play an important role. In addition, when these parameters are outside the preferable for each fish species range, they can induce stress to fish, compromising their immune system and making them vulnerable to many opportunistic pathogens. Oxygen is, probably, the main limiting factor under farming conditions and when its levels are below the preferable range for any fish species, many morphological, as well as physiological alterations develop. Increased levels of carbon dioxide in the water usually coexist with decreased levels of oxygen and can cause respiratory acidosis and nephrocalcinosis. The latter is characterized by the development of granulomas in many internal organs and urolithiasis. Ammonia usually causes problems under intensive farming conditions, especially when the water is recirculated and the pH is high. Increased levels of ammonia in the water can cause extensive alterations in the gills and degenerative changes in the liver and kidney. Gas supersaturation of the water, depending on the level of saturation and the time of exposure, can result in the gas bubble disease. Formation of bubbles in the eyes, skin and gills and extensive necrotic areas in many organs due to gas emboli are the main findings caused by this disease. Many contaminants in the water can, also, create serious problems to fish. Fin erosion, epidermal hyperplasia or papilloma and degenerative and necrotic alterations in many internal organs are common findings observed in fish on many cases of water pollution. Many of the factors mentioned above, as well as others, such as nutrition and bad management, can result in abnormal development of the body offish, when exposed at their early life stages. Due to farming conditions, cultured fish tend to exhibit increased rate of body malformation compared to wild ones. Careful design of the facilities, use of specialized equipment and, probably, application of genetic selection program can minimise or even eliminate the effects these water parameters have on the cultured fish.Keywords: water quality, fish, diseases ΠΕΡΙΑΗΨΗ. Είναι γνωστό ότι πολλές παράμετροι της ποιότητας του νεροΰ μπορούν να δημιουργήσουν προβλήματα στην υγεία των εντατικώς εκτρεφόμενων ψαριών. Τα προβλήματα αυτά μπορεί να είναι μια απλή ανησυχία των ψαριών ή ακόμα και εκδήλωση υψηλής θνησιμότητας. Παράγοντες που παίζουν σημαντικό ρόλο στη σοβαρότητα της κατάστασης είναι το είδος του ψαριού, ο χρόνος και το επίπεδο έκθεσης, καθώς και η συνεργική δράση άλλων συνθηκών καταπόνησης που ενδεχομένως συνυ πάρχουν. Επιπροσθέτως, όταν αυτές οι παράμετροι βρίσκονται έξω από τα ανεκτά για κάθε είδος ψαριού επίπεδα, μπορούν να προκαλέσουν καταπόνηση σε αυτά, με αποτέλεσμα να...

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Comparison of Water Quality and Rainbow Trout Production in Oxygenated and Aerated Raceways

Cited by 10 publications

References 18 publications

Performance of Spring Chinook Salmon Reared in Standard Raceways and in Michigan Raceways with Oxygen Supplementation

Performance of Spring Chinook Salmon Reared in Standard Raceways and in Michigan Raceways with Oxygen Supplementation

Effect of water current on some growth performance and water quality in a closed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) culture system

Water quality and fish diseases

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