Comparison of Weight Reduction, Change in Parameters and Safety of a Very Low Carbohydrate Diet in Comparison to a Low Carbohydrate Diet in Obese Japanese Subjects with Metabolic Disorders

Kikuchi, Takako; Kushiyama, Akifumi; Yanai, Miho; Kashiwado, Chieko; Seto, Takeshi; Kasuga, Masato

doi:10.3390/nu15061342

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Other investigators have shown that the difference found in the effect of calorie-unrestricted low-carbohydrate/high-fat diets versus high-carbohydrate/low-fat diets on glycemic control and weight loss was not sustained three months after intervention [ 55 ]. Furthermore, in a recent study, a comparison of weight reduction using a very-low-carbohydrate diet versus a low-carbohydrate diet in obese patients yielded no significantly different outcomes, such as body weight and fat, lipid abnormalities, and liver function [ 34 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The effects of different dietary patterns on the lipid profile, particularly on the TG/HDL-C ratio, have been previously explored [ 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 ]. It has been reported that greater adherence to an unhealthy Western diet predicts an increased risk of abnormal blood lipids [ 31 ], that the atherogenic TG/HDL-C ratio is reduced significantly by the consumption of fresh fish [ 32 ], and that certain dietary patterns are associated with a low TG/HDL-C ratio and a lower risk for DM [ 30 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Non-Interventional Weight Changes Are Associated with Alterations in Lipid Profiles and in the Triglyceride-to-HDL Cholesterol Ratio

Weinstein,

Maor,

Kaplan

et al. 2024

Nutrients

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Background: Obesity is associated with dyslipidemia, and weight loss can improve obese patients’ lipid profile. Here, we assessed whether non-interventional weight changes are associated with alterations in lipid profile, particularly the triglyceride (TG)-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio (TG/HDL-C). Methods: In this retrospective analysis of subjects referred to medical screening, body mass index (BMI), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), TG, and HDL-C levels were measured annually. Patients were divided according to BMI changes between visits. The primary outcomes were the changes in LDL-C, TG, HDL-C, and the TG/HDL-C ratio between visits. Results: The final analysis included 18,828 subjects. During the year of follow-up, 9.3% of the study population lost more than 5% of their weight and 9.2% gained more than 5% of their weight. The effect of weight changes on TG and on the TG/HDL-C ratio was remarkable. Patients with greater BMI increases showed greater increases in their TG/HDL-C ratio, and conversely, a decreased BMI level had lower TG/HDL-C ratios. This is true even for moderate changes of more than 2.5% in BMI. Conclusions: Non-interventional weight changes, even modest ones, are associated with significant alterations in the lipid profile. Understanding that modest, non-interventional weight changes are associated with alterations in the TG/HDL-C ratio may aid in better risk stratification and primary prevention of CV morbidity and mortality.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Interventional Weight Changes Are Associated with Alterations in Lipid Profiles and in the Triglyceride-to-HDL Cholesterol Ratio

Weinstein,

Maor,

Kaplan

et al. 2024

Nutrients

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Quantitative analysis of the caloric restriction versus isocaloric diets models based on macronutrients composition: impacts on body weight regulation, anthropometric, and bioimpedance parameters in women with obesity

Pescari,

Mihuta,

Bena

et al. 2024

Front. Nutr.

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IntroductionObesity is a growing public health issue, especially among young adults, with long-term management strategies still under debate. This prospective study compares the effects of caloric restriction and isocaloric diets with different macronutrient distributions on body composition and anthropometric parameters in obese women during a 12-week weight loss program, aiming to identify the most effective dietary strategies for managing obesity-related health outcomes.MethodsA certified clinical nutritionist assigned specific diets over a 12-week period to 150 participants, distributed as follows: hypocaloric diets—low-energy diet (LED, 31 subjects) and very low-energy diet (VLED, 13 subjects); isocaloric diets with macronutrient distribution—low-carbohydrate diet (LCD, 48 subjects), ketogenic diet (KD, 23 subjects), and high-protein diet (HPD, 24 subjects); and isocaloric diet without macronutrient distribution—time-restricted eating (TRE, 11 subjects). Participants were dynamically monitored using anthropometric parameters: body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist to hip ratio (WHR) and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) using the TANITA Body Composition Analyzer BC-418 MA III (T5896, Tokyo, Japan) at three key intervals—baseline, 6 weeks, and 12 weeks. The following parameters were evaluated: body weight, basal metabolic rate (BMR), percentage of total body fat, trunk fat, muscle mass, fat-free mass, and hydration status.ResultsAll diets led to weight loss, but differences emerged over time. The TRE model resulted in significantly less weight loss compared to LED at the final follow-up (6.30 kg, p < 0.001), similar to the VLED (4.69 kg, p < 0.001). Isocaloric diets with varied macronutrient distributions showed significant weight loss compared to LED (p < 0.001). The KD reduced waist circumference at both 6 and 12 weeks (−4.08 cm, p < 0.001), while significant differences in waist-to-hip ratio reduction were observed across diet groups at 12 weeks (p = 0.01). Post-hoc analysis revealed significant fat mass differences at 12 weeks, with HPD outperforming IF (p = 0.01) and VLED (p = 0.003). LCD reduced trunk fat at 6 weeks (−2.36%, p = 0.001) and 12 weeks (−3.79%, p < 0.001). HPD increased muscle mass at 12 weeks (2.95%, p = 0.001), while VLED decreased it (−2.02%, p = 0.031). TRE showed a smaller BMR reduction at 12 weeks compared to LED.ConclusionThis study highlights the superior long-term benefits of isocaloric diets with macronutrients distribution over calorie-restrictive diets in optimizing weight, BMI, body composition, and central adiposity.

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Low-Carbohydrate Diet and Human Health

Papadopoulou

Nikolaidis

2023

Nutrients

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Comparison of Weight Reduction, Change in Parameters and Safety of a Very Low Carbohydrate Diet in Comparison to a Low Carbohydrate Diet in Obese Japanese Subjects with Metabolic Disorders

Cited by 3 publications

References 26 publications

Non-Interventional Weight Changes Are Associated with Alterations in Lipid Profiles and in the Triglyceride-to-HDL Cholesterol Ratio

Non-Interventional Weight Changes Are Associated with Alterations in Lipid Profiles and in the Triglyceride-to-HDL Cholesterol Ratio

Quantitative analysis of the caloric restriction versus isocaloric diets models based on macronutrients composition: impacts on body weight regulation, anthropometric, and bioimpedance parameters in women with obesity

Low-Carbohydrate Diet and Human Health

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