Comparison of working memory abilities in adults who do and do not stutter

Dhatri, SD; Uppunda, Ajith Kumar; Santosh, M P

doi:10.4103/jisha.jisha_5_17

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 37 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The third component is the visuospatial sketchpad, which is dedicated to maintaining and manipulating visuospatial images [6]. The relationship between WM and stuttering has been evaluated, and most studies believe that people with stuttering have deficits in WM [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. Sakhaei et al found that children before school age had a weaker performance in repeating non-words than nonstuttering children of the same age, which indicates problems in their phonological WM [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Dual Task Effect on the Severity of Stuttering in School-Age Children

Keyhani

Darouie²,

Farazi³

et al. 2022

J Rehab

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective Stuttering is a speech disorder that occurs with frequent and abnormal disruptions in speech, such as sound repetition, sound prolongation, and sound or airflow blockage. Despite the many theories, the cause of stuttering has not been entirely determined, and various factors have been proposed for its etiology. According to the vicious circle hypothesis, increased speech disfluency results from hypervigilance to speech. This study aimed to measure the effect of reduced attention on speech through verbal and non-verbal dual tasks among school children with stuttering. Furthermore, the effect of dual tasks on the severity of stuttering was investigated among them. Materials & Methods In this cross-sectional study, the participants included 39 children (5 girls, 12.8%) and (34 boys, 87.2%) aged 8-12 years (10.25±1.35) with developmental stuttering selected via convenience sampling from primary schools in districts four and eight and speech therapy clinics in Tehran, Iran. Dual tasks were designed using the Visual Basic program. During the study, four speech samples were recorded for each participant. The second and third samples were designed as a dual task (addition of verbal or non-verbal tasks), while the first and fourth samples were designed as a single task. The participant’s severity of stuttering in each sample was calculated based on the number of stuttered syllables (SS%), and data were analyzed by SPSS 20 software. Given the non-normal distribution of data, the generalized linear model with the Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) and Bonferroni test were used to determine the difference in stuttering severity among speech samples. Results The GEE results showed that the severity of stuttering was different among the four speech samples (P=0.015). The lowest and highest mean stuttering severity among the 39 participants pertained to the non-verbal dual task (14.85) and the single initial task (17.11), respectively. A pairwise comparison of stuttering severity showed that the mean severity in the final single task was significantly lower than in the single initial task (P<0.05). However, mean stuttering severity was not significantly different between verbal and non-verbal tasks (P>0.05). Conclusion The findings showed that stuttering severity reduces when children with stuttering perform dual tasks. In other words, focusing children’s attention on verbal and non-verbal tasks while talking reduced their dysfluency.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Dual Task Effect on the Severity of Stuttering in School-Age Children

Keyhani

Darouie²,

Farazi³

et al. 2022

J Rehab

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Adults Who Stutter Show Diminished Word Fluency, Regardless of Mode

Lescht

Dickey

Stockbridge

et al. 2022

J Speech Lang Hear Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Purpose: Language abilities have long been thought to be weaker in adults who stutter (AWS) compared to adults who do not stutter (AWNS). However, it is unknown whether modality affects language performance by AWS in time pressure situations. This study aimed to examine lexical access and retrieval abilities of AWS in oral and typed modes. Method: Fifteen AWS and 15 well-matched AWNS completed computer-administered letter fluency tasks. Adults were asked to orally produce words that began with one of two letter targets and type words that began with one of two alternate letters. Conditions were counterbalanced across participants. Results: Generalized linear mixed-effects models were evaluated to determine the effects of group (AWS/AWNS), mode (oral/typed), and expressive vocabulary on letter fluency performance. Group predicted letter fluency such that AWS generated fewer items on both the oral and typed letter fluency tasks. Mode did not impact letter fluency results. Expressive Vocabulary Test scores predicted letter fluency similarly in both AWS and AWNS. Conclusions: AWS were not penalized by oral task demands. AWS generated fewer items on the letter fluency tasks regardless of response mode, suggesting that they have weaker lexical access abilities. Furthermore, better expressive vocabulary skills were associated with better letter fluency performance in both groups.

show abstract

Comparison of Working Memory Performance using Auditory N-back Task in Adults who do and do not Stutter

Kuriakose,

Spoorthi,

Apoorva

et al. 2024

Journal of Indian Speech Language &Amp; Hearing Association

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Introduction: Working memory is considered to be essential for higher-level cognition and phonological encoding. The N-back task is a popular test for evaluating working memory capacity. Phonological working memory which is involved in temporary storage and manipulation of information plays an important role in speech fluency. Previous investigations have revealed a reduced phonological working memory in English-speaking adults with stuttering (AWS). No studies to date have explored the role of phonological memory in Kannada-speaking AWS. The present study aimed to compare the working memory performance in auditory two back tasks between AWS and adults with no stuttering (AWNS). Methods: Participants included were 15 AWS (14 males and 1 female) and 16 AWNS (8 males and 8 females). The present study comprised of two tasks, namely auditory 2 back task for meaningful words (task 1) and auditory 2 back for nonwords (task 2). The participants performed two back tasks for the meaningful words and nonwords and were instructed to say “yes” whenever the same stimulus was heard 2 stimulus back and “no” for the different stimulus. Every accurate response received a score of 1, while an incorrect or no response received a score of 0. Results: The results revealed that AWS performed significantly poorer than AWNS in both tasks 1 and 2, which indicate that AWS has impaired working memory skills. Conclusion: The results of the present study indicated poorer performance of stutterers in auditory n-back test of phonological working memory. This shows that individuals with stuttering having an inadequate phonological working memory when compared to that of their counterparts. This could be due to their inaccurate phonological representations or attentional deficits.

show abstract

Comparison of working memory abilities in adults who do and do not stutter

Cited by 3 publications

References 37 publications

Investigation of Dual Task Effect on the Severity of Stuttering in School-Age Children

Investigation of Dual Task Effect on the Severity of Stuttering in School-Age Children

Adults Who Stutter Show Diminished Word Fluency, Regardless of Mode

Comparison of Working Memory Performance using Auditory N-back Task in Adults who do and do not Stutter

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About