Comparison of zinc, copper, selenium, magnesium, aluminium and lead blood concentrations in end-stage renal disease patients and healthy volunteers in Ahvaz, southwest of Iran

Abstract

Introduction-Heavy metal storage and essential elements deficiency are two important issues in dialysis patients. Geographic region and dietary habits might affect essential trace elements concentration in body. Trace elements (TEs) status has not been studied previously in dialyzed patients in Ahvaz city. The aim of this study is to compare blood concentrations of six TEs between dialysis patients and normal group in Ahvaz, the center of Khuzestan province, in southwest of Iran. Material and Methods-We studied 33 end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients and 33 normal cases. TEs assayed in serum samples, except lead, which assessed in whole blood. We used atomic absorption spectroscopy in this pressure. We used ANOVA and Tukey-HSD statistical analysis as well as binary logistic regression for calculating Odds ratio. Results-There was a significant difference between case and control groups for magnesium (Mg), aluminium (Al) and lead (Pb) (P<0.05), but there was not a significant difference for copper (Cu) and selenium (Se) (P>0.05). Zinc (Zn) level change was not significant. Al and Pb level increased after dialysis but Mg level decreased. All calculated Odds ratios were weak for all investigated trace elements. Different results published about TEs level in ESRD patients. Increase in TEs level in case group may be as a result of chronic poisoning through dialysis and after dialysis hemoconcentration, respectively. In order to understand the exact reason of this observation we need comprehensive and monitored studies. TEs disturbances in Ahvaz ESRD patients imply the importance of periodically studies. Conclusion-The most important interpretations and suggestions of this study is that the TEs level is different among different population. Then, Iranian health-providers should consider to TEs assessment in both healthy and patient cases. Periodical measurement of TEs is essential for ESRD patients and it can be helpful in preventing TEs deleterious effects.

Maintenance hemodialysis exacerbate aluminum and arsenic toxicity in chronic kidney disease patients Running title: Aluminum and Arsenic toxicity in hemodialysis patients

“…Based on expected values, most hemodialysis patients had Al toxicity and arsenicosis. Similar to our previous experiences, [22,23] performing hemodialysis increased serum concentrations of heavy metals (Al and As in the present study). We believe this nding is due to hemoconcentration and excess water elimination from the body during a dialysis session.…”

Toxic and Essential trace Elements Regularly Measurement and Monitoring Should be Considered in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients Undergoing Maintenance Dialysis

“…If we measure trace elements in the dialysis ultrafiltrate, we will see that some elements are lost during maintenance dialysis while their blood levels are within the normal range or even above the upper limit. We have reported such findings in our previous studies [10,15]. If we assume that tissue stores of trace elements can compensate for their reduced blood levels, then we can expect unchanged or increased levels of toxic and essential elements.…”

“…We think that trace elements should be measured regularly in dialysis patients to determine their overload or deficiency and necessary preventive or therapeutic interventions. For example, many hemodialysis patients suffer from aluminum, arsenic, and lead overload compared to non-CKD subjects [8,[11][12][13][14][15]. Unfortunately, the chronic or long-term effects of toxic element overload in hemodialysis patients have not been well evaluated.…”

Sequential Analysis of Trace Elements in a Micro Volume Urine Sample Using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry

“…Urine is one of the oldest and most basic human specimens used to evaluate the presence, severity and cause of diseases within the kidney and urinary tract [1]. Several diseases can be traced back to an imbalance of trace elements [2][3][4][5]. Since the early 1990s, trace elements have been attracting attention in a wide range of scientific areas related to human health such as clinical analysis, nutritional diagnosis and environmental analysis [6][7][8][9][10].…”