“…The various components, including van der Waals force (Δ E vdW ), electrostatic interactions (Δ E e ), binding free energy (Δ E bind ), polar solvation energy (Δ E pol ), and nonpolar solvation energy (Δ E np ), are shown in Figure E. A negative value of energy indicated that it was conducive to binding, and the lower the value, the more stable the binding between ligand and protein . It was observed that Δ E vdW , Δ E ec , Δ E bind , and Δ E np were favorable for the ginsenosides binding, whereas Δ E pol was unfavorable.…”