Comparison Study of Various Cellulose Acetylation Methods from its IR Spectra and Morphological Pattern of Cellulose Acetate as a Biomass Valorisation

Maryana, Roni; Anwar, Muslih; Suwanto, Andri; Hasanah, Siti Uswatun; Fitriana, Eka

doi:10.46488/nept.2020.v19i02.021

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…If the bond between the newly attached acetyl group and the cellulose structure is weak (low band intensity in the FTIR spectrum), the properties of CA will eventually disappear as the reaction reverts back to cellulose. Therefore, a stronger acetyl bond is desired from acetylation process to ensure the stability of nal CA formed (Maryana et al 2020).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Production of Cellulose Acetate From Kapok Cellulose With Different Acetylation Conditions

Poon

Cheok

Tan

2023

Preprint

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Cellulose acetate (CA) was produced from cellulose through activation and acetylation reactions. This study focused on using kapok cellulose as the starting material in converting cellulose into CA as the final reaction product. In the production of CA from kapok cellulose, acetic acid was used to activate the cellulose before acetylating it with acetic anhydride and sulfuric acid. A total of 27 experiments with varying acetic acid amounts (17.5, 20, 22.5 mL), acetic anhydride (5, 7.5, 10 mL) and acetylation reaction time (30, 45, 60 min) were designed to evaluate CA formation. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to evaluate the CA formation by identifying its present functional group. The analysis showed that CA produced from 20 mL acetic acid, 10 mL acetic anhydride and 60 min acetylation reaction time as the highest peak intensities of the three major functional groups (C = O, C-H, and C-O). This indicated that CA formed from this condition has the strongest acetyl bonding among the conditions. Scanning electron microscopy evidenced the CA formation, yet they varied with different amounts of acetic acid, acetic anhydride and acetylation reaction time.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Production of Cellulose Acetate From Kapok Cellulose With Different Acetylation Conditions

Poon

Cheok

Tan

2023

Preprint

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“…The peak of 1635 to 1651 cm -1 indicates the adsorbed water band. The peak height ratio of the carbonyl functional group to the adsorbed water band (1735/1651) shows the substitution degree of acetylation (Maryana et al 2020). Table 4 shows the value of the intensity of peaks at 1735 and 1651 cm -1 based on FTIR analysis.…”

Section: Characterization Of Cellulose Acetatementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The conventional acetylation process using acetic anhydride usually was conducted at a temperature of 40 °C for 8 h. The time of acetylation can be reduced to 5 h by increasing the temperature to 80 and 120 °C using an autoclave (Maryana et al 2020). As an effort to intensify the process, an acetylation process has been carried out using a microwave (Li et al 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of cellulose acetate from rice husk cellulose by ultrasound-assisted acetylation

Ma’ruf,

Purnawanto,

Rimatunnisa

2023

BioRes

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Cellulose acetate is an important product derived from cellulose. Cellulose acetate can be used in a variety of applications including coatings, textile fibers, consumer goods, filtration membranes, composites, laminates, pharmaceutical, and medical items. Rice husk is a lignocellulosic material that contains cellulose and hemicellulose. The aims of this study were to determine the effect of process variables on the cellulose acetate product formation by ultrasound-assisted acetylation using iodine as a catalyst and to characterize the cellulose acetate product. The research was conducted through the delignification, bleaching, acetylation, and characterization processes. The results showed that the optimum yield of cellulose acetate was obtained at the temperature of 60 °C, the reaction time of 50 min, the weight of the catalyst of 10% of cellulose weight, and the ratio of cellulose and acetic anhydride of 1:5 (w/v). The acetylation process using iodine as a catalyst with an ultrasound-assisted method was more effective than the conventional acetylation (acetic acid glacial and sulfuric acid as a catalyst).

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“…Where the greater the percentage of clay, the value of tensile strength will be even greater. This is because the greater the concentration of clay, the more hydrogen bonds contained in bioplastics so that the chemical bonds will be stronger and difficult to break because it requires a large amount of energy to break these bonds [7]. In addition, besides using clay, CaCO3 is also used which aims to help plasticizers in increasing the elongation of the film.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Using Clay-CaCO<sub>3</sub> as Filler on Tensile Strength, %Elongation, and Young's Modulus Value in Modified Poly Lactic Acid (PLA)

Alifatul,

Widjaja,

Ni'mah

et al. 2024

MSF

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Plastic is an important necessity with the characteristics of being light, strong, relatively cheap, and durable. However, plastic cannot decompose in a short time so that it becomes a pollutant. The using of Poly lactic acid (PLA) is an alternative to synthetic plastics substitute such as Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE) because it is degradable. However, PLA is brittle, so it requires a plasticizer in the form of additives, namely Polyethylene glycol (PEG) 200 and fillers in the form of clay and CaCO3 to improve the mechanical properties of PLA which is brittle and has poor toughness. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of adding additives to mechanical properties of PLA. The method used is solvent blending using chloroform as a solvent, stirring at 200 rpm for 6 hours at 30 . The research was conducted through testing the effect of the ratio of filler addition on the condition that the ratio of PLA/Additives was constant, i.e., 70%PLA/30% Additives. The resulting film is white and slightly transparent and has a smooth surface. The effect of adding additives in the form of plasticizers and fillers was tested through Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) analysis to determine the value of tensile strength, Young's modulus, and elongation break. The best result was obtained at a ratio of 25%CaCO3/Clay, which was increasing elongation at break 7.62%. It also indicated with best decreased percentage value of Young’s modulus, and highest crystallinity index of 39.86%. The worst value is obtained in variant of 50%CaCO3/Clay that indicated with lowest tensile strength and decreased of % elongation at break. From this study, the best variant was recommended as a laminating plastic, that does not require high tensile strength for application.

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Comparison Study of Various Cellulose Acetylation Methods from its IR Spectra and Morphological Pattern of Cellulose Acetate as a Biomass Valorisation

Cited by 4 publications

References 15 publications

The Production of Cellulose Acetate From Kapok Cellulose With Different Acetylation Conditions

The Production of Cellulose Acetate From Kapok Cellulose With Different Acetylation Conditions

Synthesis of cellulose acetate from rice husk cellulose by ultrasound-assisted acetylation

The Effect of Using Clay-CaCO<sub>3</sub> as Filler on Tensile Strength, %Elongation, and Young's Modulus Value in Modified Poly Lactic Acid (PLA)

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