Comparisons Between Air and Subsurface Temperatures in Taiwan for the Past Century: A Global Warming Perspective

Chen, Chieh‐Hung; Wang, Chung-Ho; Chen, Deng Lung; Sun, Yihe; Liu, Jann Yenq; Yeh, Teng Kuang; Yen, Horng Yuan; Shu, Chang

doi:10.1007/978-4-431-53904-9_10

Cited by 5 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The significance of streambed advective heat fluxes generally varies spatially and temporally within a channel and depends on, among other things, the groundwater discharge rate and the degree of shading (e.g., Brown and Hannah, 2008;Leach and Moore, 2011;Story et al, 2003). Due to the thermal inertia of the subsurface soil-water matrix, groundwater-dominated streams and rivers typically exhibit attenuated thermal responses to diel and seasonal variations in air temperature compared to surface runoff-dominated streams and rivers (Caissie et al, 2014;Constantz, 1998;Garner et al, 2014;O'Driscoll and DeWalle, 2006;Tague et al, 2007). Kelleher et al (2012) defined the thermal sensitivity of a stream as the slope of the linear regression between air and water temperatures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is increasing evidence that the thermal regimes of shallow aquifers are sensitive to climate change, permanent deforestation, and wildfires. Observed shallow groundwater temperature warming has already been related to recent trends in air temperature (an indicator of climate change) in Taiwan (Chen et al, 2011), Switzerland (Figura et al, 2011(Figura et al, , 2014, and Germany (Menberg et al, 2014). Empirical and process-based models of energy transport in shallow aquifers have been used to suggest that future climate change will continue to warm shallow groundwater bodies (e.g., Gunawardhana and Kazama, 2011;Kurylyk et al, , 2014aTaylor and Stefan, 2009) as reviewed in detail by Kurylyk et al (2014b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Shallow groundwater thermal sensitivity to climate change and land cover disturbances: derivation of analytical expressions and implications for stream temperature modeling

Kurylyk

MacQuarrie

Caissie

et al. 2015

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Climate change is expected to increase stream temperatures and the projected warming may alter the spatial extent of habitat for cold-water fish and other aquatic taxa. Recent studies have proposed that stream thermal sensitivities, derived from short-term air temperature variations, can be employed to infer future stream warming due to longterm climate change. However, this approach does not consider the potential for streambed heat fluxes to increase due to gradual warming of the shallow subsurface. The temperature of shallow groundwater is particularly important for the thermal regimes of groundwater-dominated streams and rivers. Also, recent studies have investigated how land surface perturbations, such as wildfires or timber harvesting, can influence stream temperatures by changing stream surface heat fluxes, but these studies have typically not considered how these surface disturbances can also alter shallow groundwater temperatures and streambed heat fluxes.In this study, several analytical solutions to the onedimensional unsteady advection-diffusion equation for subsurface heat transport are employed to estimate the timing and magnitude of groundwater temperature changes due to seasonal and long-term variability in land surface temperatures. Groundwater thermal sensitivity formulae are proposed that accommodate different surface warming scenarios. The thermal sensitivity formulae suggest that shallow groundwater will warm in response to climate change and other surface perturbations, but the timing and magnitude of the subsurface warming depends on the rate of surface warming, subsurface thermal properties, bulk aquifer depth, and groundwater velocity. The results also emphasize the difference between the thermal sensitivity of shallow groundwater to short-term (e.g., seasonal) and longterm (e.g., multi-decadal) land surface-temperature variability, and thus demonstrate the limitations of using short-term air and water temperature records to project future stream warming. Suggestions are provided for implementing these formulae in stream temperature models to accommodate groundwater warming.Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shallow groundwater thermal sensitivity to climate change and land cover disturbances: derivation of analytical expressions and implications for stream temperature modeling

Kurylyk

MacQuarrie

Caissie

et al. 2015

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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“…Wang [] and Hsu et al [] showed that the precipitation amount reaches the minima around 1980 in most areas of Taiwan and the warming trend of air temperature is thought to be the likely cause. The similar turning points were also identified in the shallow subsurface temperature in Taiwan especially at the Hualien and Ilan meteorology stations [ Chen et al , ]. Hung et al [] showed the relationship between the PDO and the spring precipitation intensity in East Asia sector.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The temporal resolution of the subsurface temperature observations is 1 day. The percentages of data gaps are less than 1% during the studied period [ Chen et al , ], and these data gaps are filled with a linear interpolation. The nearly complete and continuous time series is very suitable for the HHT analysis.…”

Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The averaged phase shifts are 84.14 and 118.67 days at Hualien and Ilan, respectively, and the corresponding averages of the downward velocities are 5.94 cm/d (5 m/84.14 days) and 4.21 cm/d (5 m/118.76 days). Chen et al [] estimated the average time shift of extreme temperature values in July and January from the same data set using the cross‐correlation method [ Campbell et al , ]. They reported that the average time shifts are 85 and 120 days at Hualien and Ilan stations, respectively, which agree with the phase shifts derived by using the HHT.…”

Section: Phase Shift Responds To Climate Variabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Instantaneous phase shift of annual subsurface temperature cycles derived by the Hilbert‐Huang transform

et al. 2015

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This study uses the Hilbert-Huang transform to compute the instantaneous (daily) phase shift between temperature signals at the ground surface and at a depth of 5 m. This approach is not restricted to the stationary harmonic surface temperature assumptions invoked by analytical solutions. The annual cycles are extracted from the ground surface temperatures and the shallow subsurface temperatures at 5 m depth recorded at the Hualien (23.98°N, 121.61°E) and Ilan (24.77°N, 121.75°E) meteorology stations of Central Weather Bureau in Taiwan from 1952 to 2008. Significant reductions in the phase shift and increases in the estimated thermal diffusivity from 1980s to 1990s are found and suggest that the recent warming of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation may affect heat transport in the subsurface environment. The marginal spectra of the instantaneous phase shifts and the precipitation intensity records at Hualien and Ilan reveal that precipitation may play a role in the evolution of seasonal variation in shallow subsurface heat transport.

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Are thermophilic microorganisms active in cold environments?

Cockell

Cousins

Wilkinson

et al. 2014

International Journal of Astrobiology

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The mean air temperature of the Icelandic interior is below 10 °C. However, we have previously observed 16S rDNA sequences associated with thermophilic lineages in Icelandic basalts. Measurements of the temperatures of igneous rocks in Iceland showed that solar insolation of these low albedo substrates achieved a peak surface temperature of 44.5 °C. We isolated seven thermophilic Geobacillus species from basalt with optimal growth temperatures of ~65 °C. The minimum growth temperature of these organisms was ~36 °C, suggesting that they could be active in the rock environment. Basalt dissolution rates at 40 °C were increased in the presence of one of the isolates compared to abiotic controls, showing its potential to be involved in active biogeochemistry at environmental temperatures. These data raise the possibility of transient active thermophilic growth in macroclimatically cold rocky environments, implying that the biogeographical distribution of active thermophiles might be greater than previously understood. These data show that temperatures measured or predicted over large scales on a planet are not in themselves adequate to assess niches available to extremophiles at micron scales.

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Comparisons Between Air and Subsurface Temperatures in Taiwan for the Past Century: A Global Warming Perspective

Cited by 5 publications

References 19 publications

Shallow groundwater thermal sensitivity to climate change and land cover disturbances: derivation of analytical expressions and implications for stream temperature modeling

Shallow groundwater thermal sensitivity to climate change and land cover disturbances: derivation of analytical expressions and implications for stream temperature modeling

Instantaneous phase shift of annual subsurface temperature cycles derived by the Hilbert‐Huang transform

Are thermophilic microorganisms active in cold environments?

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