Comparisons of two expressed emotion scales with the Camberwell family interview

Kazarian, Shahé S.; Malla, Ashok; Baker, Brian; Cole, John Darby

doi:10.1002/1097-4679(199005)46:3<306::aid-jclp2270460310>3.0.co;2-2

Cited by 59 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…However, the correlation between the total score on the LEE Relative Version and the number of critical comments relatives made during the CFI was only .38 (Kazarian, Malla, Cole, & Baker, 1990). For the Patient Version of the LEE, total LEE score was correlated .32 with the number of critical comments relatives made during the CFI.…”

Section: Level Of Expressed Emotion Scale (Lee)mentioning

confidence: 89%

“…However, in circumstances that call for a fast estimate of the affective climate in the family, the minimal time cost of a PC assessment appears to be greatly outweighed by its possible benefits as negative prognostic indicator. Mixed predictive validity for schizophrenia (Jarbin et al, 2000;Maron et al, 2002;Thompson et al, 1995) FMSS EOI and overall EE, r ϭ .38 (Magaña et al, 1986) Predicts recovery in depressed children (Asarnow et al, 1993) Predicts relapse of depression but not mania in bipolar patients (Yan et al, 2004) LEE 10-15 min 60-item questionnaire completed by patients or relatives LEE and CFI Criticism, r ϭ .38 for relatives' version; r ϭ .32 for patients' version (Kazarian et al, 1990) Predicts rehospitalization at 2 and 5 years for schizophrenia (Cole & Kazarian, 1993) Predicts rehospitalization in mixed patient sample (Donat, 1996) FAS 5-10 min 30-item questionnaire completed by relatives FAS and overall EE, r ϭ .38 (calculated from Predicts relapse in patients with psychotic disorders (Kavanagh & Pourmand, 2005) PC 1 min One question completed by patients…”

Section: Summary and Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Measuring expressed emotion: An evaluation of the shortcuts.

Hooley¹,

Parker²

2006

Journal of Family Psychology

184

171

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The construct of expressed emotion (EE) is a highly reliable and valid predictor of poor clinical outcomes in patients with major psychopathology. Patients are at early risk for relapse if they live with family members who are classified as high in EE. Conventionally, EE is assessed with the Camberwell Family Interview (CFI), a semistructured interview that is conducted with the patient's key relatives. Unfortunately, training in the CFI is difficult to obtain. The CFI is also time-consuming to administer and labor intensive to rate. In this article, the authors discuss alternative ways of assessing EE. They also evaluate the predictive validity of these measures and make recommendations for researchers and clinicians interested in using these assessments.

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Section: Level Of Expressed Emotion Scale (Lee)mentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Summary and Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring expressed emotion: An evaluation of the shortcuts.

Hooley¹,

Parker²

2006

Journal of Family Psychology

184

171

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“…Proxy measures of EE were obtained using the Infl uential Relationships Questionnaire (IRQ; Kazarian & Baker, 1987), which includes three dimensions of perceived parental style: care, overprotection and criticism. However, these subscales correlate weakly with independent CFI ratings (Kazarian et al, 1990), and the conceptual similarity of the IRQ to the EE construct remains tenuous. Nevertheless, it was reported that parental criticism and overprotection were positively correlated with composite ratings of self-harm, based on yes/no responses to questions about the occurrence of suicidal ideation, planning, threats, suicide attempts and other forms of self-injury.…”

Section: Expressed Emotion and Self-harmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Family environment, expressed emotion and adolescent self-harm: A review of conceptual, empirical, cross-cultural and clinical perspectives

Michelson

Bhugra

2012

International Review of Psychiatry

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Self-harm in young people is a complex and pervasive problem with a number of co-existing risk factors. Although research has implicated a range of family variables in understanding the onset, maintenance and prevention of adolescent self-harm, relatively little attention has been given to the expressed emotion (EE) construct. Based on a narrative review and synthesis of peer-reviewed literature up to and including 2011, this paper considers the conceptual background and empirical evidence for the role of family environment in the expression of adolescent self-harm, with a particular focus on EE. The clinical implications of this literature for working with young people and families from different cultures are also addressed. In summary, the surveyed research provides insuffi cient evidence for a direct causal link between family environment and adolescent self-harm, with questions raised about the temporal sequencing of measured variables, specifi city of implicated family risk factors, and the nature and role of protective factors in families. Emerging evidence for an association between high EE and adolescent self-harm requires replication in well-controlled, prospective studies. There is also a lack of empirically-supported, family-based treatment modalities for adolescents who self-harm. Intervention strategies should be guided by personalised formulation, taking into account individual vulnerabilities, strengths and social contexts, as well as cultural norms for family environment.

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“…Only one study of 15 schizophrenic patients and 22 of their relatives has looked at LEE filled in by patients [25]. The total score on the patient version of the LEE showed a 0.32 correlation with the number of critical comments reported on the CFI critical comments (CFI-CC).…”

Section: Comparison Of Feers With Alternative Studies Of Patient Percmentioning

confidence: 99%

How do Patients with Schizophrenia Perceive Relatives’ Levels of Expressed Emotions? A Brief Patient Rated Scale

Bjørge¹,

Notland²,

Boye³

et al. 2017

OJPsych

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Background: Patients' perspective on relatives' attitude and behaviour towards them (Expressed emotion-EE) may be an important addition to the current focus on relatives' perspective only, as measured by Camberwell Family Interview (CFI) or other methods. Based on the theory of EE, we have designed a brief, three-item questionnaire completed by patients, named Felt Expressed Emotion Rating Scale (FEERS). FEERS measures the patient's experience of criticism (Cri) and emotional over involvement (i.e. worry (Wo), and control (Con). Aims: To investigate the test-retest reliability of the FEERS and associations between the FEERS and the CFI and to which extent FEERS scores were modified by severity of psychotic symptoms, cognitive function, patient mood and amount of face-to-face contact with relatives. Methods:Forty-five patients with schizophrenia and related psychoses admitted to a psychiatric hospital and 67 relatives were included. Assessments included 221Wo correlated significantly with CFI-CC and CFI-positive comments, respectively. Among the relatives that the patient deemed "not at all critical" (low FEERS-Cri scores), 94% had low CFI-CC levels. Conclusions: The FEERS may be a brief, time-saving alternative for identifying relatives with low levels of criticism. However, illness severity, cognitive function and mood influence FEERS test-retest reliability and link to CFI.

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Comparisons of two expressed emotion scales with the Camberwell family interview

Cited by 59 publications

References 5 publications

Measuring expressed emotion: An evaluation of the shortcuts.

Measuring expressed emotion: An evaluation of the shortcuts.

Family environment, expressed emotion and adolescent self-harm: A review of conceptual, empirical, cross-cultural and clinical perspectives

How do Patients with Schizophrenia Perceive Relatives’ Levels of Expressed Emotions? A Brief Patient Rated Scale

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