Compartmentalisation of molecular catalysts for nonorthogonal tandem catalysis

Abstract

The development of nonorthogonal tandem catalysis enables the use of a combination of arbitrary catalysts to rapidly synthesize complex products in a sustainable, efficient, and timely manner.

A bifunctional small molecular photocatalyst with a redox center and a Lewis acid site for one-pot tandem oxidation–acetalization

“…The photoreaction was initiated at room temperature under an air atmosphere and light irradiation. Products were mainly confirmed by 1 H NMR and GC-MS spectra. The conversion of the substrates, the selectivity of the products, and the percentage contents of the compounds during the reaction were calculated according to GC analysis.…”

“…Tandem catalysis that combines multi-step chemical transformations in one reactor is a fascinating area in modern organic synthesis as it may offer environmentally benign, green, and sustainable routes with high atom economy to avoid time-consuming and energy-costing processes, the loss of reagents, and chemical waste generation. [1][2][3] Developing new tandem catalysis systems is extremely attractive but challenging, because such a one-pot multi-step reaction generally needs a combination of distinct catalytic centers in a single reaction vessel. The optimal catalytic parameters in multi-independent catalytic reactions are typically quite different, and they usually engender catalyst deactivation.…”

Endohedrally Functionalized Metal–Organic Cage-Cross-Linked Polymer Gels as Modular Heterogeneous Catalysts

“…The development of reusable, effective, and selective catalysts is imperative for the implementation of sustainable chemical practices and continues to drive innovation in the chemical sciences. , Heterogenous catalysts are advantageous in this context due to their recyclability and ease of isolation from reactants and product mixtures. , Despite these advantages, developing heterogeneous catalysts de novo is challenging as mechanistic features of catalytic processes are often more difficult to study in the solid state. − By contrast, homogeneous catalytic processes can be easier to study and optimize on the basis of mechanistic insights but are inherently less amenable to facile catalyst recovery and reuse. , Ideally, one could transfer well-defined homogeneous catalytic systems directly to solid freestanding supports with robust mechanical properties in a modular and reliable way without diminishing catalyst activity and/or selectivity. − …”

Photoresponsive Azobenzene-Functionalized Shell Cross-Linked Micelles for Selective Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation

“…19,20 Shell cross-linked micelles (SCMs) have emerged as attractive catalytic scaffolds in aqueous environments. 21,22 SCMs are composed of a hydrophobic core, a hydrophilic corona, and a cross-linked shell. Catalysts can be confined in the core domain and modulated by the structural specificity of the SCMs with the potential to dial in substrate selectivity.…”