Compartmentation of Alkaloid Synthesis, Transport, and Storage

Wink, Michael; Roberts, Margaret

doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-2905-4_10

Cited by 47 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 133 publications

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“…Further, glycosylation appears to stabilize nucleophilic aglycones, preventing their reactivity with other cellular structures by electron transfer reactions (Jones and Vogt 2001). It has been proposed that improved aqueous solubility through glycosylation of small lipophilic compounds might also prevent their diffusion into the tonoplast, inhibiting their ability to move outside of the vacuole (Wink and Roberts 1998). These findings suggest that movement of glycosides throughout the cell is limited or at least highly regulated.…”

Section: Formation and Roles Of Glycosides In Grapesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glycosidically Bound Volatile Aroma Compounds in Grapes and Wine: A Review

Hjelmeland

Ebeler

2014

Am. J. Enol. Vitic.

143

114

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Volatile aroma compounds in plants are typically found both as "free" and "bound" to a sugar moiety. When bound, these compounds are not odor active; however, upon hydrolysis of the glycoside, these compounds may then be volatilized. In grapes and wine, a large proportion of volatile aroma compounds are found in the bound form. A review of glycosides in grapes and in wine is presented with a focus on identified glycoside structures, their biosynthesis, their potential roles in the plant, and methods for their analysis. Studies of these compounds and their concentration changes during the winemaking process are discussed.

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Section: Formation and Roles Of Glycosides In Grapesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glycosidically Bound Volatile Aroma Compounds in Grapes and Wine: A Review

Hjelmeland

Ebeler

2014

Am. J. Enol. Vitic.

143

114

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“…Because nicotine is synthesized in the roots and subsequently transported to leaves through the xylem stream (Baldwin et al, 1997;Wink and Roberts, 1998), we assume that nicotine biosynthesis is regulated independently from defense metabolites that are directly expressed in the leaves (TPI, DTGs, and volatiles). Recently, increased root expression of AtJAZ1, AtJAZ2, and AtJAZ9 genes was reported in Arabidopsis after local wounding Sogabe et al, 2011).…”

Section: Najazh Controls a Subset Of Direct And Indirect Defense Respmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants use glucosinolates (amino acid derivatives) for defense (Rask et al, 2000;Mewis et al, 2006;Shroff et al, 2008), whereas tobacco (Nicotiana spp.) plants produce nicotinic alkaloids to ward off attack from feeding herbivores (Baldwin et al, 1997;Wink and Roberts, 1998;Shoji et al, 2000;Steppuhn et al, 2004). In addition, most plants produce protease inhibitors in response to herbivory, which inhibit proteolysis and negatively affect the digestibility of ingested plant material in insect guts (Jongsma et al, 1994(Jongsma et al, , 1995Koiwa et al, 1997;Zavala et al, 2004a;Habib and Fazili, 2007;Hartl et al, 2010).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

NaJAZh Regulates a Subset of Defense Responses against Herbivores and Spontaneous Leaf Necrosis inNicotiana attenuataPlants

Baldwin

Gàlis

2012

Plant Physiology

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The JASMONATE ZIM DOMAIN (JAZ) proteins function as negative regulators of jasmonic acid signaling in plants. We cloned 12 JAZ genes from native tobacco (Nicotiana attenuata), including nine novel JAZs in tobacco, and examined their expression in plants that had leaves elicited by wounding or simulated herbivory. Most JAZ genes showed strong expression in the elicited leaves, but NaJAZg was mainly expressed in roots. Another novel herbivory-elicited gene, NaJAZh, was analyzed in detail. RNA interference suppression of this gene in inverted-repeat (ir)JAZh plants deregulated a specific branch of jasmonic acid-dependent direct and indirect defenses: irJAZh plants showed greater trypsin protease inhibitor activity, 17-hydroxygeranyllinalool diterpene glycosides accumulation, and emission of volatile organic compounds from leaves. Silencing of NaJAZh also revealed a novel cross talk in JAZ-regulated secondary metabolism, as irJAZh plants had significantly reduced nicotine levels. In addition, irJAZh spontaneously developed leaf necrosis during the transition to flowering. Because the lesions closely correlated with the elevated expression of programmed cell death genes and the accumulations of salicylic acid and hydrogen peroxide in the leaves, we propose a novel role of the NaJAZh protein as a repressor of necrosis and/or programmed cell death during plant development.

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“…For some compounds that are present in the plant as defence barriers, e.g. alkaloids, flavonoids, cyanogenic glycosides, coumarins, storage may be in the epidermis itself (Wiermann, 1981;Wink, 1993;Wink & Roberts, 1998;Harborne, 2001). Storage may be tissue-or cellspecific (Guern et al 1987), with flowers, fruits and seeds being rich sources of many PSM, especially in annual plants.…”

Section: Biosynthesis and Storage Of Plant Secondary Metabolitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemistry of plant secondary metabolites and their effects in animals

2005

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Plant secondary metabolites, which include a wide variety of phytochemicals, have always been constituents of the diets of man and other animals. Although a high proportion of these phytochemicals have been considered to be of little value in plants (although this view is changing), they have frequently been shown to have adverse effects on animals when ingested. The effects depend to a great extent on the chemistry of the compounds, their concentration in the diet and the amount consumed, and are further dependent on the health status of the animals. Traditionally, most studies of the effects of these compounds on animals have focused on their adverse effects and how to alleviate them. However, recent public concern about the use of synthetic compounds in animal diets to enhance performance and health and welfare issues, coupled with changes in regulations on the use of synthetic medicaments, has stimulated interest and research in the use and effects of phytochemicals in the diets of farmed animals. Phytochemicals vary in their chemistry but can be divided into hydrophilic and hydrophobic compounds, of which a wide variety of polyphenolic and terpenoid compounds, as well as alkaloids, carbohydrates and non-protein amino acids, invoke special interest. The chemistry, biochemistry and mechanisms of action of these compounds in plants and their effects in animals when ingested will be explored. Phytochemicals: Effects in animalsAs plant secondary metabolites (PSM) are an extremely large group of compounds, a comprehensive overview of their biochemistry, bioactivity and chemistry is not possible in a relatively short review paper. The importance of PSM in ecology, human foods and animal feeds, and as pharmaceuticals with chemical and biochemical attributes has already been described in some detail

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Compartmentation of Alkaloid Synthesis, Transport, and Storage

Cited by 47 publications

References 133 publications

Glycosidically Bound Volatile Aroma Compounds in Grapes and Wine: A Review

Glycosidically Bound Volatile Aroma Compounds in Grapes and Wine: A Review

NaJAZh Regulates a Subset of Defense Responses against Herbivores and Spontaneous Leaf Necrosis inNicotiana attenuataPlants

Biochemistry of plant secondary metabolites and their effects in animals

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