Compassion Fatigue and Burnout in Nursing

Caring in the Nurse-Patient Relationship through the Caritas Lens: An Integrative Review

“…Loving kindness and equanimity of self/ other and authentic presence (Watson, 2008(Watson, , 2012 Watson, 2008Watson, , 2012. This awareness manifests itself as compassion (Fabri, et al, 2013;Gustin & Wagner, 2013;Stone, 2011;Todaro-Franceschi, 2013;Vousavali et al, 2011;Watson 2008Watson , 2012. Along with love and compassion, nurses may experience feelings of awe towards patients and their circumstances, often in admiration of human uniqueness (Vouzavali, 2011).…”

“…Sensitivity to self and others by cultivating one's own growth and spiritual practices, is often referred to by nurse scholars and eastern philosophers (Chodron, 2008;Stone, 2011;Todaro-Franceschi, 2013;Watson, 2008). This process, often intertwined with compassion and love, is referred to as 'bodhichitta' , the ability to identify altruistically with another, using loving kindness and meditation to awaken and open one's mind and heart, and to expose our most sensitive, vulnerable self (Chodron, 2008;Stone, 2011;Todaro-Franceschi, 2013;Watson, 2008). It is, in part, the nurses' enhanced sensitivity and compassion to feel the pain with another (Chodron, 2008;Stone, 2011;Dalai Lama, 2001;Stone, 2011;Todaro-Franceschi, 2013).…”

“…This process, often intertwined with compassion and love, is referred to as 'bodhichitta' , the ability to identify altruistically with another, using loving kindness and meditation to awaken and open one's mind and heart, and to expose our most sensitive, vulnerable self (Chodron, 2008;Stone, 2011;Todaro-Franceschi, 2013;Watson, 2008). It is, in part, the nurses' enhanced sensitivity and compassion to feel the pain with another (Chodron, 2008;Stone, 2011;Dalai Lama, 2001;Stone, 2011;Todaro-Franceschi, 2013). The word, "sensitivity", is often used plainly, sometimes as a synonym for awareness.…”

“…Caring is also viewed as multi-faceted, nurturing and skillful processes in the nursepatient relationship that manifest as compassion, empathy, education, protection, and others, depending on patient needs (Leininger, 2002;Watson, 2012). Other nursing scholars assert that caring is a conscious way of being with another; it is a holistic, mutual encounter that is compassionate (Stone, 2011;Todaro-Franceschi, 2013;Watson, 2012). The humanistic nature of the open, nurse-patient relationship involves body, mind, soul, and spirit with a conscious determination to relieve human suffering (Norman, Rossillo, & Skelton, 2016;Stone, 2011;Todaro-Franceschi, 2013;Watson, 2012).…”

“…Other nursing scholars assert that caring is a conscious way of being with another; it is a holistic, mutual encounter that is compassionate (Stone, 2011;Todaro-Franceschi, 2013;Watson, 2012). The humanistic nature of the open, nurse-patient relationship involves body, mind, soul, and spirit with a conscious determination to relieve human suffering (Norman, Rossillo, & Skelton, 2016;Stone, 2011;Todaro-Franceschi, 2013;Watson, 2012). Each intrapersonal caring relationship is unique, and it is within the relationship that the meaning of illness is appreciated, and healing and health are maximized (Butts & Rich, 2011.…”