Compatibility of aphid resistance in soybean and biological control by the parasitoid Aphidius colemani (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

Ode, Paul J.; Crompton, D.S.

doi:10.1016/j.biocontrol.2012.12.001

Cited by 17 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…2012 , Ghising et al. 2012 , Ode and Crompton 2012 , Hopper and Diers 2014 ). If importation biological control programs targeting A. glycines become successful in North America, this experiment may need to be repeated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of an Interspersed Refuge onAphis glycines(Hemiptera: Aphididae), Their Natural Enemies, and Biological Control

Varenhorst

O’Neal

2015

J Econ Entomol

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Soybean production in the north central United States has relied heavily on the use of foliar and seed applied insecticides to manage Aphis glycines (Hemiptera: Aphididae). An additional management strategy is the use soybean cultivars containing A. glycines resistance genes (Rag). Previous research has demonstrated that Rag cultivars are capable of preventing yield loss equivalent to the use of foliar and seed-applied insecticides. However, the presence of virulent biotypes in North America has raised concern for the durability of Rag genes. A resistance management program that includes a refuge for avirulent biotypes could limit the frequency at which virulent biotypes increase within North America. To what extent such a refuge reduces the effectiveness of aphid-resistant soybean is not clear. We conducted an experiment to determine whether a susceptible refuge mixed into resistant soybean (i.e., interspersed refuge or refuge-in-a-bag) affects the seasonal exposure of aphids, their natural enemies, biological control, and yield protection provided by aphid resistance. We compared three ratios of interspersed refuges (resistant: susceptible; 95:5, 90:10, 75:25) to plots grown with 100% susceptible or resistant soybean. We determined that an interspersed refuge of at least 25% susceptible seed would be necessary to effectively produce avirulent individuals. Interspersed refuges had negligible effects on yield and the natural enemy community. However, there was evidence that they increased the amount of biological control that occurred within a plot. We discuss the compatibility of interspersed refuges for A. glycines management and whether resistance management can prolong the durability of Rag genes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of an Interspersed Refuge onAphis glycines(Hemiptera: Aphididae), Their Natural Enemies, and Biological Control

Varenhorst

O’Neal

2015

J Econ Entomol

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“…In general, herbivore growth, fecundity and survival decline under eCO 2 (Jamieson et al, ; Robinson et al, ). Higher trophic levels are also affected by CO 2 ‐induced shifts in plant quality (Facey, Ellsworth, Staley, Wright, & Johnson, ; Ode & Crompton, ; Ode, Johnson, & Moore, ), often mediated by shifts in prey nutrition and growth (Chen, Ge, & Parajulee, ; Klaiber, Najar‐Rodriguez, Dialer, & Dorn, ). For example, eCO 2 reduces alfalfa nutritional quality, which increases armyworm larval development times, resulting in asynchrony between larvae and parasitoid wasps, ultimately reducing parasitoid fitness (Dyer, Richards, Short, & Dodson, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytochemical changes in milkweed induced by elevated CO₂ alter wing morphology but not toxin sequestration in monarch butterflies

et al. 2019

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Environmental change has the potential to influence trophic interactions by altering the defensive phenotype of prey. Here, we examine the effects of a pervasive environmental change driver, elevated atmospheric concentrations of CO2 (eCO2), on toxin sequestration and flight morphology of a specialist herbivore. We fed monarch butterfly larvae, Danaus plexippus, foliage from four milkweed, Asclepias, species of varying chemical defence profiles grown under either ambient or eCO2. We also infected a subset of these herbivores with a protozoan parasite, Ophryocystis elektroscirrha, to understand how infection and environmental change combine to alter herbivore defences. We measured changes in phytochemistry induced by eCO2 and assessed cardenolide, toxic steroid, sequestration and wing morphology of butterflies. Monarchs compensated for lower plant cardenolide concentrations under eCO2 by increasing cardenolide sequestration rate, maintaining similar cardenolide composition and concentrations in their wings under both CO2 treatments. We suggest that these increases in sequestration rate are a by‐product of compensatory feeding aimed at maintaining a nutritional target in response to declining dietary quality under eCO2. Monarch wings were more suitable for sustained flight (more elongated) when reared on plants grown under eCO2 or when reared on Asclepias syriaca or Asclepias incarnata rather than on Asclepias curassavica or Asclepias speciosa. Parasite infection engendered wings less suitable for sustained flight (wings became rounder) on three of four milkweed species. Wing loading (associated with powered flight) was higher on A. syriaca than on other milkweeds, whereas wing density was lower on A. curassavica. Monarchs that fed on high cardenolide milkweed developed rounder, thinner wings, which are less efficient at gliding flight. Ingesting foliage from milkweed high in cardenolides may provide protection from enemies through sequestration yet come at a cost to monarchs manifested as lower quality flight phenotypes: rounder, thinner wings with lower wing loading values. Small changes in morphology may have important consequences for enemy evasion and migration success in many animals. Energetic costs associated with alterations in defence and morphology may, therefore, have important consequences for trophic interactions in a changing world. A http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1365-2435.13270/suppinfo is available for this article.

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“…1). Previous studies have reported similar decreases in parasitoid wasp fitness when attacking aphids infesting plants with increased resistance (C HACÓN et al 2012; K ALULE AND W RIGHT 2007; M ITCHELL et al 2010; O DE 2006; O DE AND C ROMPTON 2013; S CH ÄDLER et al 2010), although this is not often associated with specific plant traits (O DE 2006). As we have previously characterised the mechanism of partial-resistance in Hsp5 (L EYBOURNE et al 2019) we can predict how these traits might have affected parasitoid success.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 72%

Partial-resistance against aphids in wild barley reduces the oviposition success of the generalist parasitoid,Aphidius colemaniViereck

Valentine

Jib

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Aphids are significant agricultural pests of cereal crops with a worldwide distribution. The 3 2 control of aphids in agricultural systems is currently heavily reliant on insecticidal 3 3 compounds, but it is becoming increasingly apparent that chemical-based control of 3 4agricultural pests has far-reaching unintended consequences on agro-ecosystems. As a 3 5result, more sustainable means of aphid control are becoming increasingly desirable. 3 6Potential options include increasing plant resistance against aphids, promoting biocontrol, 3 7and the combined use of both strategies. When used together it is important to understand 3 8how, and to what extent, increased plant resistance against aphids affects the success of 3 9biocontrol agents. In this current study, we examine how partial-resistance against cereal 4 0 aphids in a wild relative of barley, Hordeum spontaneum 5 (Hsp5), affects the success of the 4 1 common parasitoid of cereal aphids, Aphidius colemani. We show that the parasitism 4 2 success of A. colemani attacking nymphs of the bird cherry-oat aphid, Rhopalosiphum padi, 4 3contained on Hsp5 is reduced compared with the parasitism success of wasps attacking R. 4 4padi nymphs feeding on a susceptible modern cultivar of barley, H. vulgare cv. Concerto. Ex-4 5planta parasitism assays showed that the in parasitoid success is a direct effect of the plant 4 6 environment (such as differential architectural traits), rather than an indirect effect dur to a 4 7 decrease in aphid suitability resulting from increased resistance against aphids in Hsp5. Our 4

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Compatibility of aphid resistance in soybean and biological control by the parasitoid Aphidius colemani (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

Cited by 17 publications

References 46 publications

The Effect of an Interspersed Refuge onAphis glycines(Hemiptera: Aphididae), Their Natural Enemies, and Biological Control

The Effect of an Interspersed Refuge onAphis glycines(Hemiptera: Aphididae), Their Natural Enemies, and Biological Control

Phytochemical changes in milkweed induced by elevated CO₂ alter wing morphology but not toxin sequestration in monarch butterflies

Partial-resistance against aphids in wild barley reduces the oviposition success of the generalist parasitoid,Aphidius colemaniViereck

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Compatibility of aphid resistance in soybean and biological control by the parasitoid Aphidius colemani (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

Cited by 17 publications

References 46 publications

The Effect of an Interspersed Refuge onAphis glycines(Hemiptera: Aphididae), Their Natural Enemies, and Biological Control

The Effect of an Interspersed Refuge onAphis glycines(Hemiptera: Aphididae), Their Natural Enemies, and Biological Control

Phytochemical changes in milkweed induced by elevated CO2 alter wing morphology but not toxin sequestration in monarch butterflies

Partial-resistance against aphids in wild barley reduces the oviposition success of the generalist parasitoid,Aphidius colemaniViereck

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Phytochemical changes in milkweed induced by elevated CO₂ alter wing morphology but not toxin sequestration in monarch butterflies