Compatibility of energetic plasticizers with the triblock copolymer of polypropylene glycol-glycidyl azide polymer-polypropylene glycol (PPG-GAP-PPG)

Abstract

Glycidyl azide polymer (GAP) is well known as an energetic prepolymer, but its application as a binder in propellants is limited due to its relatively high glass transition temperature and relatively poor mechanical properties. Copolymerization of GAP with polypropylene glycol (PPG) has been shown to improve GAPs properties because of the good thermal and mechanical properties of PPG. In this research we synthesized triblock copolymer of PPG-GAP-PPG and the compatibilities of this copolymer were investigated with energetic plasticizers (20% w/w) n-butyl nitroxyethylnitramine (BuNENA), trimethylolethane trinitrate (TMETN), and butanetriol trinitrate (BTTN) by solubility parameter, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), rheological analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and vacuum stability test (VST). The DSC results showed that BuNENA had better compatibility with the triblock copolymer in comparison to TMETN and BTTN. It reduced the Tg of PPG-GAP-PPG from −58 to −63 °C. The rheological analysis was in good agreement with the DSC results obtained for the compatibility of the plasticizers. In the case of the addition of 20% w/w BuNENA, the viscosity of copolymer/plasticizer decreased from 550 to 128 mPa s, indicating appropriate compatibility of plasticizer with the copolymer. SEM images showed a better distribution of BuNENA in the copolymer matrix.

Thermodynamic Properties of Energetic Plasticizers: Experimental Vapor Pressures of Methyl-, Ethyl-, and Butyl-Nitroxyethyl Nitramines

“…In search of a replacement for nitrate ester plasticizers, a series of different concepts have been investigated. ,− Among the most promising families of substances are molecules with a 2-nitroxyethyl nitramine functionality, commonly named NENA. − A series of NENAs with different alkyl chains have been elucidated and is commercially available. By choosing the length of the alkyl chain, properties such as heat of formation, sensitivity, or melting point can be adjusted.…”

“…Figure 2. Transpiration method experimental set-up: nitrogen reservoir (1), pressure reduction valve (2), drying module (3), mass flow controller (4), saturator (5), condensation tube (6), cooling trap(7), soap film flow meter (8), thermostat(9), immersion cooler(10), and thermobarometer(11).…”