Compatibilization and elastomer toughening of polyamide-6 (PA6)/poly(phenylene ether) (PPE) blends

Chiou, Kuo‐Chan; Wu, Shoei‐Chin; Wu, Hui‐Chun; Chang, Feng‐Chih

doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-4628(19991003)74:1<23::aid-app3>3.0.co;2-u

Cited by 22 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…They are thermodynamically immiscible and hence blending PPE with nylon-6 needs maleic anhydride (MA). [7][8][9] It is difficult to process long fibres and distribute them in polymer because of feeding inconsistency in extruders. 10 It is easier to feed chopped glass through side feeder.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal and mechanical properties of glass fibre reinforced polyphenylene ether/polystyrene/nylon-6 ternary blends

Hadimani

Murthy²,

Mudbidre³

2020

Polymers and Polymer Composites

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This paper deals with fabrication and characterization of unique polyphenylene ether/polystyrene/nylon-6/glass composites. Compounding of ternary blends with glass fibres was performed using twin screw co-rotating extruder. Test specimens were fabricated by compression moulding and injection moulding. Effect of maleic anhydride, fibre type (chopped and long), fibre content (30 wt. % and 40 wt. %) and fabrication method (compression moulding and injection moulding) on mechanical and thermal properties was studied. Maleic anhydride negatively influenced mechanical and thermal properties. Composites with 40 wt. % chopped fibres showed superior mechanical strength and those with 30 wt. % long fibres showed superior thermal properties, tensile and flexural moduli. Injection moulded specimens exhibited superior mechanical and thermal properties. The composites were studied for moisture content, density, melt flow index, glass transition temperature, thermal degradation temperature and mechanical properties. Interfacial strength was examined using scanning electron microscopy.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal and mechanical properties of glass fibre reinforced polyphenylene ether/polystyrene/nylon-6 ternary blends

Hadimani

Murthy²,

Mudbidre³

2020

Polymers and Polymer Composites

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“…On the other hand, a physical affinity, particularly chain entanglements of the PPE and the compatibilizer backbone, are observed [28][29][30][31]. Amongst copolymer-type compatibilizers, styrene-maleic anhydride copolymers (SMA) is the most commonly used for PA6/PPE blends [32][33][34][35]. Low-priced monomers and facile synthesis via radical polymerization enable a broad commercial availability of SMA, having different MA concentrations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Properties of Styrene–Maleic Anhydride Copolymer Compatibilized Polyamide 66/Poly (Phenylene Ether) Blends: Effect of Maleic Anhydride Concentration and Copolymer Content

2020

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Polyamide 66 (PA66)/poly (2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene ether) (PPE) blends with a ratio of 50/50 (w/w) were produced by a twin-screw compounder. The immiscible blends were compatibilized using two different styrene–maleic anhydride copolymers (SMA) with a low (SMAlow) and a high (SMAhigh) maleic anhydride (MA) concentration of 8 and 25 wt%, respectively. Furthermore, the SMA content was varied from 0 to 10 wt%. The influence of MA concentration and SMA content on the morphological and thermomechanical properties of PA66/PPE blends was investigated. Herein, we established correlations between the interfacial activity of the SMA with blend morphology and corresponding tensile properties. A droplet-sea to co-continuous morphology transition was shown by scanning electron microscopy to occur between 1.25 and 5 wt% in the case of SMAhigh. For SMAlow, the transition started from 7.5 wt% and was still ongoing at 10 wt%. It was found that SMAlow with 10 wt% content enhanced the tensile strength (10%) and elongation at break (70%) of PA66/PPE blends. This improvement can be explained by the strong interfacial interaction of SMAlow within the blend system, which features the formation of nanoemulsion morphology, as shown by transmission electron microscopy. Very small interdomain distances hinder matrix deformations, which forces debonding and cohesive failure of the PPE phase as a “weaker” main deformation mechanism. Due to a lack of interfacial activity, the mechanical properties of the blends with SMAhigh were not improved.

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“…On the other side, moieties of the copolymer undergo covalent bonding to the PA, either linking to the carboxylic or amino end-groups [32][33][34]. Styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer (SMA) is one of the physicochemical compatibilizers recently applied for PA/PPE blends to strengthen the interfacial interaction, morphology and mechanical performance [35][36][37][38]. A broad variation of different maleic anhydride (MA) concentrations allow for the tuning of interactions of the SMA with the blend partners.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Properties of Styrene-Maleic Anhydride Copolymer Compatibilized Polyamide 66/Poly (Phenylene Ether) Blends: Effect of Blend Ratio and Compatibilizer Content

2020

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Two different blend ratios of polyamide 66 (PA66) and poly (2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene ether) (PPE) (60/40 and 40/60 w/w) were produced via melt mixing. A styrene–maleic anhydride copolymer (SMA) was utilized at various contents from 2.5–15 wt% to compatibilize the immiscible blend system. The influence of SMA content and blend ratio was investigated based on (thermo-) mechanical and morphological properties of the PA66/PPE blends. Correlations between the interaction of SMA with the blend partners were established. For 60/40 blends, a droplet-sea morphology was visualized by transmission electron microscopy, wherein no major changes were seen upon SMA addition. In the case of 40/60 blends, strong coalescence was found in the binary blend. Up to 5 wt% SMA, the coalescence was inhibited by the interfacial activity of SMA, whereas 10 wt% SMA initiated a disperse-to-co-continuous transition, which was completed at 15 wt% SMA. An enhancement of tensile properties was achieved for all blends possessing SMA, where the maximum concentration of 15 wt% resulted in the highest elongation at break and tensile strength values. The relative improvement of the tensile properties was higher with the PPE-rich blend (40/60) which was attributed to a partial emulsification of the PPE phases forming a bimodal PPE domain size distribution with nano-droplets in the range of 60–160 nm.

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Compatibilization and elastomer toughening of polyamide-6 (PA6)/poly(phenylene ether) (PPE) blends

Cited by 22 publications

References 42 publications

Thermal and mechanical properties of glass fibre reinforced polyphenylene ether/polystyrene/nylon-6 ternary blends

Thermal and mechanical properties of glass fibre reinforced polyphenylene ether/polystyrene/nylon-6 ternary blends

Properties of Styrene–Maleic Anhydride Copolymer Compatibilized Polyamide 66/Poly (Phenylene Ether) Blends: Effect of Maleic Anhydride Concentration and Copolymer Content

Properties of Styrene-Maleic Anhydride Copolymer Compatibilized Polyamide 66/Poly (Phenylene Ether) Blends: Effect of Blend Ratio and Compatibilizer Content

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