“…Additionally, LLZO presents inherent advantages such as lower production costs and environmental friendliness compared to other types of solid electrolytes (e.g., sulfide and halide solid electrolytes) . These advantages underscore LLZO as one of the promising solid electrolytes for widespread application in the field of all-solid-state lithium metal batteries in the future . Among these challenges, the interface connection between LLZO and anode severely affects the properties of solid-state lithium metal batteries and stands as the most urgent problem to be addressed. , Firstly, LLZO exhibits poor stability in ambient air, as exposure leads to the establishment of Li 2 CO 3 , greatly hindering the transportation of ions between LLZO and anode, resulting in elevated area-specific resistance (ASR) or even internal short circuits within the battery. , Secondly, akin to all rigid SEs, the contact between LLZO and anode constitutes solid to solid contacting, where poor interface contact exacerbates ASR, thereby impacting the rate capability of the battery .…”