Compendium of Onion and Garlic Diseases and Pests, Second Edition

Online measurement of temperature and relative humidity as marker tools for quality changes in onion bulbs during storage

“…Batch 6 the lowest disease incidence, while the other batches had incidences that were in between these (S2 Table). Different diseases and different combinations of diseases were identified from their visual symptoms, color and smell, and morphological characteristics [4, 7]. Gray mold ( Botrytis cinerea ), neck rot ( Botrytis allii or B .…”

“…Rooting and sprouting, as part of the external quality parameters, were evaluated first, and the bulbs were then cut from the neck to the base with a sterile knife for the disease evaluation. The base plate, bulb neck, and internal and external scales were inspected, and diseases were recorded from their symptoms based on appearance, color and smell, as described by Snowden [4], Schwartz and Mohan [7], and Islam [13]. To verify the diseases, infected tissue was taken with a sterile scalpel and grown on PDA and LB agar plates (Sigma-Alrich Chemie GmbH, Stenheim, Germany) for isolation and characterization of the morphological characteristics [7].…”

“…The base plate, bulb neck, and internal and external scales were inspected, and diseases were recorded from their symptoms based on appearance, color and smell, as described by Snowden [4], Schwartz and Mohan [7], and Islam [13]. To verify the diseases, infected tissue was taken with a sterile scalpel and grown on PDA and LB agar plates (Sigma-Alrich Chemie GmbH, Stenheim, Germany) for isolation and characterization of the morphological characteristics [7]. Rooting, sprouting and the incidence of individual diseases were noted for each bulb, and from these numbers, the total incidences of rooting, sprouting and total diseases, and specific diseases were calculated.…”

“…alliicola ) [4, 6]. Basal rot is a disease that infects bulbs in the soil through the roots and basal plate during growth [4, 7], while blue mold is a secondary pathogen that infects through wounds formed during harvesting and presorting or through already-diseased tissue [4]. In contrast, neck rot, gray mold, sour skin, and slippery skin infect through the neck and occur if the bulbs are not properly dried and sealed during curing [1].…”

Yields Losses Caused by Basal Plate Rot (Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cepae) in Some Shallot Varieties

“…The rot often starts at the bulb base (root plate) and then it progresses upward and outward. The pathogen can also cause significant damage in the storage (Schwartz, 2008). In the fields, the disease incidents are greatly varied at the range of 13.75-77.90% (Wiyatiningsih, 2007).…”