Compensation and Advancement of Women in Academic Medicine: Is There Equity?

Ash, Arlene S.; Carr, Phyllis L.; Goldstein, Richard; Friedman, Robert H.

doi:10.7326/0003-4819-141-3-200408030-00009

Cited by 313 publications

(233 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Advancement is usually slower, and salaries are often lower for women than for men. 2,[20][21][22][23][24] Not surprisingly in light of these findings, the departure rates from academic medical faculties are greater for women than for men. 25 The extent to which women participate in service and teaching relative to research activities may affect their advancement, particularly in research-intensive schools.…”

Section: The Trajectory Of Advancement For Women In Academic Medicinementioning

confidence: 99%

Systems of Career Influences: A Conceptual Model for Evaluating the Professional Development of Women in Academic Medicine

Magrane

Helitzer

Morahan

et al. 2012

Journal of Women's Health

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Background: Surprisingly little research is available to explain the well-documented organizational and societal influences on persistent inequities in advancement of women faculty. Methods: The Systems of Career Influences Model is a framework for exploring factors influencing women's progression to advanced academic rank, executive positions, and informal leadership roles in academic medicine. The model situates faculty as agents within a complex adaptive system consisting of a trajectory of career advancement with opportunities for formal professional development programming; a dynamic system of influences of organizational policies, practices, and culture; and a dynamic system of individual choices and decisions. These systems of influence may promote or inhibit career advancement. Within this system, women weigh competing influences to make career advancement decisions, and leaders of academic health centers prioritize limited resources to support the school's mission. Results and Conclusions: The Systems of Career Influences Model proved useful to identify key research questions. We used the model to probe how research in academic career development might be applied to content and methods of formal professional development programs. We generated a series of questions and hypotheses about how professional development programs might influence professional development of health science faculty members. Using the model as a guide, we developed a study using a quantitative and qualitative design. These analyses should provide insight into what works in recruiting and supporting productive men and women faculty in academic medical centers.

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Section: The Trajectory Of Advancement For Women In Academic Medicinementioning

confidence: 99%

Systems of Career Influences: A Conceptual Model for Evaluating the Professional Development of Women in Academic Medicine

Magrane

Helitzer

Morahan

et al. 2012

Journal of Women's Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, studies have documented significant gender inequality in the field of medicine. Female physicians are less likely to be promoted or to serve in leadership positions than comparably credentialed men, and significant gender salary gap exists even after adjustment for factors such as seniority, specialty, hours worked, and academic productivity (Tesch et al 1995;Wright et al 2003;Ash et al 2004). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Perception and Experience of Gender-Based Discrimination Related to Professional Advancement among Japanese Physicians

Yasukawa

Nomura

2014

Tohoku J. Exp. Med.

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Previous studies from the US have found that female physicians often experience gender-based discrimination related to professional advancement. In Japan, female physicians are underrepresented in leadership positions but little is known about the prevalence of gender discrimination. We investigated the perception and prevalence of gender-based career obstacles and discrimination among Japanese physicians. The study was based on surveys of alumnae from 13 medical schools and alumni from 3 medical schools. In total, 1,684 female and 808 male physicians completed a self-administered questionnaire (response rate 83% and 58%). More women than men had the perception of gender-based career obstacles for women (77% vs. 55%; p < 0.0001). Women with part-time positions were more likely to have the perception of gender-based career obstacles than women working full-time (OR 1.32, 95% CI: 1.01-1.73). More women than men reported experience of gender discrimination related to professional advancement (21% vs. 3%; p < 0.0001). Factors associated with experience of gender discrimination included age (p < 0.0001), marital status (p < 0.0001), academic positions (p < 0.0001), subspecialty board certification (p = 0.0011), and PhD status (p < 0.0001). Women older than 40 years were more likely to experience gender discrimination compared with younger women (OR 5.77, 95% CI: 1.83-18.24 for women above 50, and OR 3.2, 95% CI: 1.48-7.28 for women between 40 and 49) and women with PhD were more likely to experience gender discrimination (OR 4.23, 95% CI: 1.81-9.89). Our study demonstrated that a significant proportion of Japanese women experienced gender-based discrimination and perceived genderbased career obstacles compared with male physicians.

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“…They found that in the subset of men and women who explicitly aspired to become CEO and who did not have children, women lagged behind men from day one. Such findings were also described by Ash et al (2004) who conducted a large scale comparison of almost 2,000 medical school faculty members in 24 medical schools in the United States. Their work showed a rank and salary disparity between male and female faculty.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Getting in and getting on in medical careers: how the rules of the game are gendered

Linehan¹,

Sweeney²,

Boylan³

et al. 2013

Gender, Sexuality &Amp; Feminism

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This paper examines discourses about medical careers through the lens of gender. The supposed feminization of medicine has prompted much professional and public discourse on the issue of gender and medical careers. Discourses centered on gender imbalance at entry to medical school are contrasted with women's accounts of their medical careers. Data consists of both primary (24 interviews with senior female doctors) and secondary sources (national press reports, interviews, records of speeches etc.) drawn from Ireland and the United Kingdom. From the data, we explore what is seen as a problem in terms of gender and medical careers and what is not, how problems are discussed (in individual or systemic terms), and thus what changes are legitimized. We discuss the consequences of this for women in medicine and medical careers more broadly. Key wordsGender, feminization, occupations, medical careers, entry to medical school, discrimination, women in medicine

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Compensation and Advancement of Women in Academic Medicine: Is There Equity?

Cited by 313 publications

References 28 publications

Systems of Career Influences: A Conceptual Model for Evaluating the Professional Development of Women in Academic Medicine

Systems of Career Influences: A Conceptual Model for Evaluating the Professional Development of Women in Academic Medicine

The Perception and Experience of Gender-Based Discrimination Related to Professional Advancement among Japanese Physicians

Getting in and getting on in medical careers: how the rules of the game are gendered

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