Compensation and other forms of accumulation in intergenerational social inequality

Erola, Jani; Kilpi-Jakonen, Elina

doi:10.4337/9781786432568.00006

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…However, economic uncertainty will not affect all members equally, but will vary by socioeconomic background. Parents with high incomes and educations will invest in their children’s educational attainment and support their labour market entry to diminish the risk of downward social mobility (Breen and Goldthorpe 1997 ; see also Bernardi and Grätz 2015 ; Erola and Kilpi-Jakonen 2017 ), which may lead to delayed marriage and parenthood. In sum, the economic uncertainty approach relates socioeconomic background to the timing and propensity of marriage and parenthood, but also to the occurrence of premarital cohabitation.…”

Section: Theoretical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Family Life Course Standardization in Sweden: The Role of Compositional Change

Winkle

2020

Eur J Population

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The diversity of early family life courses is thought to have increased, although empirical evidence is mixed. Less standardized family formation is attributed to compositional changes in educational attainment, labour market participation, and childhood living conditions. I investigate whether and why family trajectories have become more or less standardized across birth cohorts in Sweden. I combine sequence metrics with Oaxaca-Blinder decompositions to assess the compositional shifts that drive changes in family formation standardization. Family trajectories of individuals born in 1952, 1962, and 1972 from age 18 to 35 are reconstructed using Swedish register data. My results demonstrate that early family formation has become more standardized across birth cohorts. Further, compositional differences between birth cohorts partially account for this standardization, especially for women. For example, higher levels of educational attainment are associated with family formation standardization. This substantiates arguments that family formation may re-standardize following the second demographic transition.

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Section: Theoretical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Family Life Course Standardization in Sweden: The Role of Compositional Change

Winkle

2020

Eur J Population

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“…They may, therefore, accumulate relatively more skills and resources over the life course than parents from socioeconomically advantaged families. Second, skills and resources may have fewer consequences for children's educational outcomes in socioeconomically advantaged families as they are more likely to be able to compensate for the lack of skills and resources of one type due to a young maternal age through skills and resources of other types (Erola and Kilpi-Jakonen 2017).…”

Section: Variation Of the Impact Of Sibling Characteristics On Education By Family Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Competition in the Family: Inequality between Siblings and the Intergenerational Transmission of Educational Advantage

Grätz¹

2018

SocScience

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Research on educational mobility is concerned with inequalities between families. Differences in innate abilities and parental responses lead, however, to educational differences between siblings. If parental responses vary by family socioeconomic background, within-family inequality can affect between-family inequality (i.e., educational mobility). This study uses data from the German Socio-Economic Panel Study (SOEP) to test whether sibling similarity in education varies by family socioeconomic background. In addition, I test whether the effects of birth order, birth spacing, and maternal age on education vary by family background. Results show that sibling similarity in education is similar in low-and high-socioeconomic status families. The negative influences of a higher birth order and a younger maternal age on educational attainment, however, are concentrated in socioeconomically disadvantaged families. These findings suggest that socioeconomically advantaged families do not generally compensate for ability differences between their children but that they compensate for disadvantageous life events.

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“…According to Ghirardi & Bernardi (2023), achieving these selective educational outcomes relies not only on the resources of students of high socioeconomic status (SES) but also on their inherent educational capabilities. This dynamic suggests transitioning from a compensatory to a boosting advantage model (Erola & Kilpi-Jakonen, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compensatory or Boosting Advantage? Analyzing Parental Influence in a Selective Education System

Schmutz,

Grätz

2024

Preprint

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We investigate the extent to which families can offset the adverse effect of a young school starting age (SSA) on children’s educational attainment and how this relates to institutional features of the education system. We hypothesize that parents’ ability to compensate for an early educational disadvantage of their offspring may be a function of the selectivity of an education system. To test this hypothesis, we study the causal link between SSA and the likelihood of students being placed in higher tracks in lower secondary and academic tracks in upper secondary education in Switzerland. We investigate the extent to which parents from different socioeconomic backgrounds can mitigate this early educational setback, considering resources such as parental education, occupation, and income. The findings indicate that a lower SSA reduces the chances of students entering advanced tracks, although this impact diminishes as they grow older. Concerning parental resources, highly educated parents compensate for a young SSA only during the first transition to lower secondary education, a point with relatively low educational selectivity. In contrast, during the second transition to upper secondary education, a point at which the education system exhibits higher selectivity, there is no compensation by parental education and, thus, rather support for a boosting advantage model of educational attainment. These findings demonstrate that parents’ ability to compensate for an early educational disadvantage varies with the selectivity of an education system.

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Compensation and other forms of accumulation in intergenerational social inequality

Cited by 15 publications

References 45 publications

Early Family Life Course Standardization in Sweden: The Role of Compositional Change

Early Family Life Course Standardization in Sweden: The Role of Compositional Change

Competition in the Family: Inequality between Siblings and the Intergenerational Transmission of Educational Advantage

Compensatory or Boosting Advantage? Analyzing Parental Influence in a Selective Education System

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