Compensation for red-green contrast loss in anomalous trichromats

Boehm, Alexandra E.; MacLeod, Donald I. A.; Bosten, Jenny

doi:10.1167/14.13.19

Cited by 49 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…This is consistent with the reduced peak-to-trough reduction in chromatic difference signals at the input described in Sect. 1 and in agreement with the findings of Boehm et al [21] with respect to chromatic discrimination loss in anomalous observers. Nevertheless, when expressed as cone contrasts using average cone fundamentals for normal and anomalous observers, the values converged for all three classes of observers.…”

Section: Mpcsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…At high contrasts the curves flatten out, indicating that contrast discrimination should become worse, perhaps even showing saturating behavior as in rod discrimination at high luminance levels [41]. These results support MacLeod's prediction of response in the presence of output noise and Boehm et al's conclusions of a post-receptoral gain amplification [21].…”

Section: Contrast Appearance Along the L-m Axissupporting

confidence: 82%

“…which perceived color differences were estimated by multidimensional scaling (MDS) reported compression of perceived differences along the red-green axis, consistent with the reduced chromatic input signal from the greater overlap of cone spectral sensitivities [14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. Boehm, MacLeod and Bosten [21], however, found that the compression in the perception of large color differences was much less than that obtained in discrimination experiments. As the discrimination results were well explained by the loss of spectral information at the input, they suggested that a post-receptoral gain amplification occurred in the anomalous observers at suprathreshold levels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 65%

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Suprathreshold contrast response in normal and anomalous trichromats

Knoblauch

Marsh-Armstrong

Werner

2019

Preprint

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Maximum Likelihood Difference Scaling was used to measure suprathreshold contrast response difference scales for low-frequency Gabor patterns modulated along luminance and L-M color directions in normal, protanomalous, and deuteranomalous observers. Based on a signal-detection model, perceptual scale values, parameterized as d , were estimated by maximum likelihood. The difference scales were well fit by a Michaelis-Menten model, permitting estimates of response and contrast gain parameters for each subject. Anomalous observers showed reduced response gain for L-M contrasts, consistent with attenuated chromatic signals from reduced cone separation, but no differences from normal for luminance contrasts. Surprisingly, contrast gain was significantly higher along both L-M and luminance axes in anomalous trichromats compared to normals. We consider possible mechanisms that generate these differences in anomalous observers.

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Section: Mpcsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Contrast Appearance Along the L-m Axissupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 65%

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Suprathreshold contrast response in normal and anomalous trichromats

Knoblauch

Marsh-Armstrong

Werner

2019

Preprint

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“…Their longer-wave cones have very similar spectral sensitivities and thus the differences they convey are much weaker. Yet many seem to experience stronger color percepts than their reduced sensitivity predicts (Neitz et al, 2002, Regan and Mollon, 1997, Boehm et al, 2014). Again this could occur if post-receptoral mechanisms amplify their gain to match the weakened inputs.…”

Section: Adaptation and Compensationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual Adaptation

Webster

2015

Annu. Rev. Vis. Sci.

318

291

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Sensory systems continuously mold themselves to the widely varying contexts in which they must operate. Studies of these adaptations have played a long and central role in vision science. In part this is because the specific adaptations remain a powerful tool for dissecting vision, by exposing the mechanisms that are adapting. That is, “if it adapts, it's there.” Many insights about vision have come from using adaptation in this way, as a method. A second important trend has been the realization that the processes of adaptation are themselves essential to how vision works, and thus are likely to operate at all levels. That is, “if it's there, it adapts.” This has focused interest on the mechanisms of adaptation as the target rather than the probe. Together both approaches have led to an emerging insight of adaptation as a fundamental and ubiquitous coding strategy impacting all aspects of how we see.

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“…Moreover, a recent study that explored the mechanism of color naming ability in red-green dichromats suggested that color naming ability is supported by residual activity in red-green opponent mechanism, as well as by blue-yellow and achromatic mechanisms (Moreira et al, 2014). As for anomalous trichromats, it has been found that red-green color appearance differs from normal vision, but it is recovered to a large degree by postreceptoral processing that compensates for the anomalous photopigment (Boehm, MacLeod & Bosten, 2014). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perception of color emotions for single colors in red-green defective observers

Sato

Inoue

2016

PeerJ

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It is estimated that inherited red-green color deficiency, which involves both the protan and deutan deficiency types, is common in men. For red-green defective observers, some reddish colors appear desaturated and brownish, unlike those seen by normal observers. Despite its prevalence, few studies have investigated the effects that red-green color deficiency has on the psychological properties of colors (color emotions). The current study investigated the influence of red-green color deficiency on the following six color emotions: cleanliness, freshness, hardness, preference, warmth, and weight. Specifically, this study aimed to: (1) reveal differences between normal and red-green defective observers in rating patterns of six color emotions; (2) examine differences in color emotions related to the three cardinal channels in human color vision; and (3) explore relationships between color emotions and color naming behavior. Thirteen men and 10 women with normal vision and 13 men who were red-green defective performed both a color naming task and an emotion rating task with 32 colors from the Berkeley Color Project (BCP). Results revealed noticeable differences in the cleanliness and hardness ratings between the normal vision observers, particularly in women, and red-green defective observers, which appeared mainly for colors in the orange to cyan range, and in the preference and warmth ratings for colors with cyan and purple hues. Similarly, naming errors also mainly occurred in the cyan colors. A regression analysis that included the three cone-contrasts (i.e., red-green, blue-yellow, and luminance) as predictors significantly accounted for variability in color emotion ratings for the red-green defective observers as much as the normal individuals. Expressly, for warmth ratings, the weight of the red-green opponent channel was significantly lower in color defective observers than in normal participants. In addition, the analyses for individual warmth ratings in the red-green defective group revealed that luminance cone-contrast was a significant predictor in most red-green-defective individuals. Together, these results suggest that red-green defective observers tend to rely on the blue-yellow channel and luminance to compensate for the weak sensitivity of long- and medium-wavelength (L-M) cone-contrasts, when rating color warmth.

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Compensation for red-green contrast loss in anomalous trichromats

Cited by 49 publications

References 41 publications

Suprathreshold contrast response in normal and anomalous trichromats

Suprathreshold contrast response in normal and anomalous trichromats

Visual Adaptation

Perception of color emotions for single colors in red-green defective observers

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