Compensation-Free High-Capacity Free-Space Optical Communication Using Turbulence-Resilient Vector Beams

Zhu, Zhaowei; Janasik, Molly; Fyffe, Alexander; Hay, Darrick; Zhou, Yiyu; Kantor, Brian; Winder, Taylor; Boyd, Robert W.; Leuchs, Gerd; Shi, Zhimin

doi:10.48550/arxiv.1910.05406

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…It was found that the modes will experience less scintillation and its polarisation characteristics persevered over longer propagation distances. This claim was further substantiated by an experimental study where information was encoded on the orthogonal polarisation states of vector modes propagated through turbulence [135]. It was demonstrated that encoding information on the spatial polarisation profile rather than the complex field profile preserved the information during propagation.…”

Section: B the Robustness Of Structured Lightmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…9 (b) and (c), the modes maintain the characteristic polarisation singularity (null intensity and undefined phase) at the central (centre of mass) position of the beam. Intriguingly, the resilience of these modes seems to a have a strong bearing on the type of measurement technique used, for example, scintillation indexes and mutual information [135] in comparison to modal overlaps and fidelity measurements [137] seem to yield conflicting results.…”

Section: B the Robustness Of Structured Lightmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Structured Light in Turbulence

Cox,

Mphuthi,

Nape

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Optical communication is an integral part of the modern economy, having all but replaced electronic communication systems. Future growth in bandwidth appears to be on the horizon using structured light, encoding information into the spatial modes of light, and transmitting them down fibre and free-space, the latter crucial for addressing last mile and digitally disconnected communities. Unfortunately, patterns of light are easily distorted, and in the case of free-space optical communication, turbulence is a significant barrier. Here we review recent progress in structured light in turbulence, first with a tutorial style summary of the core concepts, before highlighting the present state-of-the-art in the field. We support our review with new experimental studies that reveal which types of structured light are best in turbulence, the behaviour of vector versus scalar light in turbulence, the trade-off of diversity and multiplexing, and how turbulence models can be exploited for enhanced optical signal processing protocols. This comprehensive treatise will be invaluable to the large communities interested in free-space optical communication with spatial modes of light.

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Section: B the Robustness Of Structured Lightmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: B the Robustness Of Structured Lightmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structured Light in Turbulence

Cox,

Mphuthi,

Nape

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Studies that claim enhanced resilience of vector modes over distances comparable to the Rayleigh length [67,73] have used the variance in the field's intensity as a measure, a quantity that one would expect to be robust due to the fact that each polarisation component behaves independently and so will have a low covariance. This failing of structured light in turbulence has led to numerous correction techniques, including novel encoding/decoding methods [75], modal diversity as an effective error-reduction scheme [76], traditional adaptive optics for pre-and post-correction [77][78][79] as well as vectorial adaptive tools [80], iterative routines [81] and deep learning models [82].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Robust structured light in atmospheric turbulence

Klug¹,

Peters²,

Forbes³

2022

Preprint

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Structured light is routinely used in free space optical communication channels, both classical and quantum, where information is encoded in the spatial structure of the mode for increased bandwidth. Unlike polarisation, the spatial structure of light is perturbed through such channels by atmospheric turbulence, and consequently, much attention has focused on whether one mode type is more robust than another, but with seemingly inconclusive and contradictory results. Both real-world and experimentally simulated turbulence conditions have revealed that free-space structured light modes are perturbed in some manner by turbulence, resulting in both amplitude and phase distortions. Here, we present complex forms of structured light which are invariant under propagation through the atmosphere: the true eigenmodes of atmospheric turbulence. We provide a theoretical procedure for obtaining these eigenmodes and confirm their invariance both numerically and experimentally. Although we have demonstrated the approach on atmospheric turbulence, its generality allows it to be extended to other channels too, such as underwater and in optical fibre.

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“…One popular example is light tailored to have an azimuthally varying phase of the form exp(i φ) with integer topological charge (TC) for of orbital angular momentum (OAM) per photon [6][7][8]. Although it is understood that other orthogonal mode sets are equally valid, including using the full radial and azimuthal indices of the Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) modes [9][10][11] as well as Bessel [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20], Hermite-Gaussian [21][22][23] and vectorial modes [24][25][26][27], OAM has become the mode of choice in the majority of communication studies [28,29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The orbital angular momentum of a turbulent atmosphere and its impact on propagating structured light fields

Klug,

Nape,

Forbes

2021

Preprint

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When structured light is propagated through the atmosphere, turbulence results in modal scattering and distortions. An extensively studied example is that of light carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM), where the atmosphere is treated as a phase distortion and numerical tools extract the resulting modal cross-talk. This approach focuses on the light itself, perturbed by the atmosphere, yet does not easily lend itself to physical insights, and fails to ask a pertinent question: where did the OAM that the beam gained or lost come from? Here, we address this by forgoing the beam and instead calculating the OAM of the atmosphere itself. With this intuitive model we are able to draw general conclusions on the impact of atmospheric turbulence on OAM beams, which we confirm experimentally. Our work alters the perspective on this problem, opening new insights into the physics of OAM in turbulence, and is easily extended to other structured light fields through arbitrary aberrations.

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Compensation-Free High-Capacity Free-Space Optical Communication Using Turbulence-Resilient Vector Beams

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Structured Light in Turbulence

Structured Light in Turbulence

Robust structured light in atmospheric turbulence

The orbital angular momentum of a turbulent atmosphere and its impact on propagating structured light fields

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