Compensation of Mutation in Arabidopsis glutathione transferase (AtGSTU) Genes under Control or Salt Stress Conditions

Horváth, Edit; Bela, Krisztina; Gallé, Ágnes; Riyazuddin, Riyazuddin; Csomor, Gábor; Csenki, Dorottya; Csiszár, Jolán

doi:10.3390/ijms21072349

Cited by 20 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…GSTU19 is plant-specific and is upregulated by salt, drought, and oxidative stress. Its protein functions redundantly with other GSTs to maintain redox homeostasis [110]. It was upregulated 1.7-fold in B.…”

Section: Molecular Pathways Upregulated In Apomeiotic Taxamentioning

confidence: 99%

Whether Gametophytes Are Reduced or Unreduced in Angiosperms Might Be Determined Metabolically

Arias

Gao

Sherwood

et al. 2020

Genes

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In angiosperms, meiotic failure coupled with the formation of genetically unreduced gametophytes in ovules (apomeiosis) constitute major components of gametophytic apomixis. These aberrant developmental events are generally thought to be caused by mutation. However, efforts to locate the responsible mutations have failed. Herein, we tested a fundamentally different hypothesis: apomeiosis is a polyphenism of meiosis, with meiosis and apomeiosis being maintained by different states of metabolic homeostasis. Microarray analyses of ovules and pistils were used to differentiate meiotic from apomeiotic processes in Boechera (Brassicaceae). Genes associated with translation, cell division, epigenetic silencing, flowering, and meiosis characterized sexual Boechera (meiotic). In contrast, genes associated with stress responses, abscisic acid signaling, reactive oxygen species production, and stress attenuation mechanisms characterized apomictic Boechera (apomeiotic). We next tested whether these metabolic differences regulate reproductive mode. Apomeiosis switched to meiosis when premeiotic ovules of apomicts were cultured on media that increased oxidative stress. These treatments included drought, starvation, and H2O2 applications. In contrast, meiosis switched to apomeiosis when premeiotic pistils of sexual plants were cultured on media that relieved oxidative stress. These treatments included antioxidants, glucose, abscisic acid, fluridone, and 5-azacytidine. High-frequency apomeiosis was initiated in all sexual species tested: Brassicaceae, Boechera stricta, Boechera exilis, and Arabidopsis thaliana; Fabaceae, Vigna unguiculata; Asteraceae, Antennaria dioica. Unreduced gametophytes formed from ameiotic female and male sporocytes, first division restitution dyads, and nucellar cells. These results are consistent with modes of reproduction and types of apomixis, in natural apomicts, being regulated metabolically.

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Section: Molecular Pathways Upregulated In Apomeiotic Taxamentioning

confidence: 99%

Whether Gametophytes Are Reduced or Unreduced in Angiosperms Might Be Determined Metabolically

Arias

Gao

Sherwood

et al. 2020

Genes

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“…Under control conditions, AtGSTU19 represents a significant percentage of the GST pool [ 36 ]. Moreover, Atgstu19 knockdown mutants have only been analyzed under salt treatments so far [ 37 ]. Furthermore, Atgstu19 was found to be expressed in almost all investigated plant tissues and had the highest relative transcription level among AtGSTs [ 38 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

AtGSTU19 and AtGSTU24 as Moderators of the Response of Arabidopsis thaliana to Turnip mosaic virus

Otulak

Kozieł

Horváth

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Plants produce glutathione as a response to the intercellular redox state. Glutathione actively participates in the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent signaling pathway, especially under biotic stress conditions. Most of the glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are induced in cells during the defense response of plants not only through highly specific glutathione-binding abilities but also by participating in the signaling function. The tau class of GSTs has been reported to be induced as a response under stress conditions. Although several studies have focused on the role of the tau class of GSTs in plant–pathogen interactions, knowledge about their contribution to the response to virus inoculation is still inadequate. Therefore, in this study, the response of Atgstu19 and Atgstu24 knockout mutants to mechanical inoculation of Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) was examined. The systemic infection of TuMV was more dynamically promoted in Atgstu19 mutants than in wild-type (Col-0) plants, suggesting the role of GSTU19 in TuMV resistance. However, Atgstu24 mutants displayed virus limitation and downregulation of the relative expression of TuMV capsid protein, accompanied rarely by TuMV particles only in vacuoles, and ultrastructural analyses of inoculated leaves revealed the lack of virus cytoplasmic inclusions. These findings indicated that Atgstu24 mutants displayed a resistance-like reaction to TuMV, suggesting that GSTU24 may suppress the plant resistance. In addition, these findings confirmed that GSTU1 and GSTU24 are induced and contribute to the susceptible reaction to TuMV in the Atgstu19–TuMV interaction. However, the upregulation of GSTU19 and GSTU13 highly correlated with virus limitation in the resistance-like reaction in the Atgstu24–TuMV interaction. Furthermore, the highly dynamic upregulation of GST and glutathione reductase (GR) activities resulted in significant induction (between 1 and 14 days post inoculation [dpi]) of the total glutathione pool (GSH + GSSG) in response to TuMV, which was accompanied by the distribution of active glutathione in plant cells. On the contrary, in Atgstu19, which is susceptible to TuMV interaction, upregulation of GST and GR activity only up to 7 dpi symptom development was reported, which resulted in the induction of the total glutathione pool between 1 and 3 dpi. These observations indicated that GSTU19 and GSTU24 are important factors in modulating the response to TuMV in Arabidopsis thaliana. Moreover, it was clear that glutathione is an important component of the regulatory network in resistance and susceptible response of A. thaliana to TuMV. These results help achieve a better understanding of the mechanisms regulating the Arabidopsis–TuMV pathosystem.

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“…Moreover, GSTU, a kind of plant-speci c glutathione transferases, in uences the redox state of GSH and AsA. GSTU mutant of Arabidopsis induced the accumulation of ROS and showed the compensating role of AsA, GSH, dehydroascorbate reductase and glutathione reductase [24]. In our results, GSTU1 was found to be the cleavage site of miR9674 and this gene was signi cantly up-regulated in ST genotype after NaCl treatment but not in SS genotype, supporting the key function in response to high salinity stress.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-omics reveals the key and specific miRNA-mRNA modules underlying salt tolerance in wild emmer wheat (Triticum dicoccoides L.)

Yang

Pan

Cao

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background Salt stress is one of the most destructive environmental factors limiting crop growth and development. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of conserved endogenous small non-coding RNAs, playing the crucial role in regulating salt response and tolerance in plant. However, the miRNAs in wild emmer wheat, especially the key and specific salt-responsive miRNAs are not well studied. Results Here, we performed small RNA, transcriptome, and degradome sequencing of both of salt-tolerance (ST) and salt-sensitive (SS) wild emmer genotypes to identify the miRNA-mRNA modules associating with salt tolerance. Totally, 775 miRNAs, including 361 conserved known miRNAs and 414 novel miRNAs were detected. Differential expression analysis identified 93 salt-responsive miRNAs under salt stress. Combined with RNA-seq and degradome sequencing analysis, 224 miRNA-mRNA modules displayed the complete opposite expression trends between ST and SS genotypes, most of which functionally enriched into ROS homeostasis maintaining, osmotic pressure modulating, and root growth and development. Finally, the qRT-PCR and a large-scale yeast functional screening were also performed to initially validate the expression pattern and function of candidate genes. Conclusions This study reported the key and specific miRNA-mRNA modules associated with salt tolerance in wild emmer, which lay the foundation for improving the salt tolerance in cultivated emmer and bread wheat through miRNA engineering approach.

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Compensation of Mutation in Arabidopsis glutathione transferase (AtGSTU) Genes under Control or Salt Stress Conditions

Cited by 20 publications

References 59 publications

Whether Gametophytes Are Reduced or Unreduced in Angiosperms Might Be Determined Metabolically

Whether Gametophytes Are Reduced or Unreduced in Angiosperms Might Be Determined Metabolically

AtGSTU19 and AtGSTU24 as Moderators of the Response of Arabidopsis thaliana to Turnip mosaic virus

Multi-omics reveals the key and specific miRNA-mRNA modules underlying salt tolerance in wild emmer wheat (Triticum dicoccoides L.)

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